200 Timehri. 
feed on the pods of other Cassias besides the money-bush, and pretty fre- 
quently also live in the tender stems of these plants. The adult moth 
has been identified as Nephopteryx paurosema. Acacia farnesiana, the 
brier or pimpler-bush, as it is populaily called, a'so nas a pod-borer in the 
caterpillar of Ozamia lucidalis. The pod-bovers in all these examples belong 
to the sub-family Phycitine. 
The caterpillars of this sub-family are probably very varied in their feeding 
habits, for not only are some pod-feeders, but there are others which are eaters 
of scale insects. Not many months ago I bred a moth from caterpillars I 
discovered feeding on a dark brown scale insect, a species of Lecanium, which 
infests Sapium rabber trees, ochro, cassava, and others. The caterpillars 
lived beneath webs placed over the scale on which they fed. 
Curling or folding leaves is not common among the caterpillars of butterflies, 
most of them feeding in the open or simply bidden on the under surface of 
leaves. The caterpillar of Helicopis, a beautiful butterfly with silver-spotted 
hind wings, feeds on the leaves of the mucu-mucu (Montrichardia arborescens), 
and is always found concealed in curled leaves, the curls being held together 
by web. It seems, however, that the caterpillar merely takes advantage of 
the natural curling of the young leaves. The caterpillars of skipper butter- 
flies (Hesperiidee) fold leaves, web one leaf upon another, or cut out from a leaf 
a somewhat semi-circular piece, which they turn over as a flap, thus forming a 
sheltered retreat. The caterpillars of skippers feed chiefly at night, and some 
of them then ramble a good distance from their retreat, but find their way 
back again, as is the case, for example, with that of the guava fire-tail, 
Pyrrhopyga amyclas. When they grow too large for their retreat, they seek 
a fresh leaf, and there form another and a more commodious dwelling. 
Social habits are not wanting among caterpillars both of butterflies and of 
moths. Among our butterflies the caterpillars of certain Papilios are sociable, 
those, for example of Papilio anchisiades, a great pest of the lime and the 
orange. Twice within a year I have had the opportunity of studying the 
habits of these caterpillars. They feed only at night, remaining all day motion- 
less on stem or twig, and huddled so closely together that a pin could not be 
stuck between them. On the first occasion they were at rest, to the number 
of five or six dozen, on the stem just a few inches above the ground. About 
6.30 p.m. a wave of restlessness began surging through the crowd, and almost 
immediately afterwards the caterpillars started ascending the stem one by 
one, in single file, head to tail, 2s nicely as a well-ordered flock of sheep pro- 
ceeding to pasture. Soon a column two deep started ascending, and by the 
time the first caterpillar of the single file column was approaching the top of 
the tree those at the bottom were marching wp three deep. It was intensely 
interesting to watch them going up for a night’s work of defoliation. Next 
morning I went to the tree shortly after sunrise and found them calmly at 
rest as before at the base. About five months after this there was brought 
to me one morning a large cluster of the caterpillars on a lime twig. I replaced 
the twig on the lime tree, letting it rest upon two other twigs in such a manner 
that it could not fall. It being November, 6 p.m. was dark enough for them 
