Butterflies and Moths. 403 
Certain Geometers and Arctiids are often seen abroad by day 
Among the former, mention may be made of Anisodes rudimenturia, a 
fragile creature, whitish brown, delicately freckled with rust. It may 
frequently be discovered settled, with fully expanded wings, in bright 
sunshine on the upper surface of a green leaf, and very closely adpressed 
thereto. In such a position it resembles a dried leaf that has been caused 
to adhere to the green one by water, as often actually does occur as a 
consequence of rain or dew. Among the Arctiids we may select 
Utetheisa ornatrix, the beautiful red underwing of the rattlebush, as an 
example of a moth that is sometimes active by day. 
To sum up, it may be stated that, broadly speaking, butterflies 
which are crepuscular or nocturnal, or of retiring habits, are insects of 
comparatively dull colours, whereas moths which are diurnal are for the 
most part gaudily tinted. 
The diurnal habits of butterflies as contrasted with the nocturnal 
habits of moths may be noticed even in the times of emergence from the 
pupa. Butterflies, as a rule, emerge from the pupa by day, oftenest in 
the forenoon, whereas most moths emerge at night. However, Altacus 
hesperus, our silk moth, of the family Saturniide, which, as far as I 
know, consists of night-flying moths, frequently emerges by day, in the 
early forenoon, while Hyperchiria, of the same family, emerges, it would 
seem, in the afternoon. Other Saturniids which I have managed to 
rear, also emerge from pupa during the daytime. 
Certain butterflies, the Papilios, for example, are capable of strong, 
sustained flight, which renders them difficult to be captured. For attract- 
ing strong fliers with a view to their more easy capture, baits, such as 
molasses and other saccharine products, ripe or rotting fruits, may often 
be set with advantage. 
Some butterflies, again, have a weak fluttering flight, and with 
these, long distance flying is out of the question. Among such may be 
mentioned Sais rosaliu, and some other frail-built Ithomiinids of the 
family Nymphalide. Sais rosalia is a forest-loving insect, and about an 
hour or two after sunrise comes fluttermg up from the shady retreats, 
where the night had been spent, in order to catch in the forest paths 
what little it can of the sun’s light and heat. 
Among the larger members of the same family there are the Heli- 
coninze and the Danaine that have a rather slow deliberate flight, and 
that have no objection to flying where they can be seen—along clearings, 
road-sides, dams, foot-paths, and over the tops of forest trees. The mem- 
bers of these groups, though showily coloured, are protected by possess- 
ing properties which render them distasteful to birds. Therefore they 
can afford to expose themselves and to fly slowly and fearlessly. In fact, 
their gay colours and manner of flight are believed to mark them out to 
their enemies as being uneatable. Of the first group Heliconius melpomene, 
black, with a broad red transverse bar or patch on the forewings, may be 
