124 A CONTRIBUTION TO THE ORNITHOLOGY 
42 —Haliaetus leucoryphus, Palas, 
This bird is well known in Kashgharia, where it is called 
“ Giyah.’ I noticed it on several occasions a few miles from the 
city of Yarkand in June and July; and in August at Igarchi, 
and at Tungtash, about 7 miles east of Karghalik. It was 
always seen in the neighbourhood of water, usually sitting 
motionless on the bank of a stream or on some mud cliff near 
marshy ground. On one occasion I saw it feeding on the 
carcase of a dead horse, about five miles south of Yarkand. The 
Yarkandi shikaris say that the “ Giyah” feeds principally upon 
fish and carrion, but that it sometimes strikes crows and hares. 
No specimen of this species was preserved. 
44,—Buteo vulgaris, Bechstein. 
4. Yarkand, January.—Length, 215; wing, 17°73; tail, 
10:0; tarsus, 3:0; bill, from gape, 1:9. 
Bill bluish black, lower mandible yellowish below; cere, 
greenish yellow ; legs and feet, yellow ; claws, bluish black. 
This Buzzard was common during the winter in the neigh- 
bourhood of Yarkand, where it was frequently seen hunting 
over the long rushes growing in marshy ground. It disappear- 
ed in the beginning of spring, migrating, I was told, north- 
wards to the hills about Kuldja. The Yarkandis call it Sa. 
45.—Buteo ferox, Gmel. 
g. Yarkand, January.—Length, 22:4; wing, 16°45; tail, 
9:7; tarsus 3°2; bill from gape, 1°8. 
Bill bluish black, lower mandible brownish below; cere, 
greenish yellow; legs and feet, lemon yellow ; claws, black. 
9. Yarkand, February.—Length, 23:4; wing, 17:7; tail, 
1071; tarsus, 3°3; bill, from gape, 1°92. 
Bill bluish black; lower mandible brownish plumbeous at 
base ; cere, fine lemon yellow; legs and feet, greenish yellow; 
claws, black. 
This species was also very common in the plains’ of Eastern 
Turkestan during the winter, and in common with the other two 
species of Buzzard found in the country, disappeared in the 
spring. I kept one of these Buzzards alive for some time, and 
found its disposition anything but gentle: when I went close 
up to it, it would throw itself on its back and strike out violently 
with its claws. It got loose one night, in a room in which [ 
had a number of other birds, and committed dreadful havoc ; 
killing at least half a dozen birds, among the number a Kestrel. 
The Yarkandi shikaris called this Buzzard Tokhkmak Sa, the 
Mallet “Sa,” but I don’t believe they could really distinguish 
it from the other two species (B. vulgaris and B. japonicus.) 
