284 ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE AVI-FAUNA 
The dimensions are those of the two last named species. 
74 quint.—Ephialtus modestus, Wald. 
Mr. Sharpe who has carefully examined the types of both 
this species and £. Balli, Hume, is of opinion that modestus 
is distinct. He remarks :—“ It has been suggested by Mr. Hume 
that the bird from the Andamans, named Scops modestus by 
Lord Walden, must be the young bird of S. Balli; and I con- 
fess that, until I examined and compared the types, I enter- 
tained a similar impression. Lord Walden, however, having 
kindly lent me the original specimen of S. modestus for examina- 
tion, I have come to the conclusion that the two species are 
quite distinct. Lord Walden has two specimens precisely 
sinilar ; and they seem to me to represent the young of some 
species of the 8. malayanus type. Immature they certainly 
are; but they present too many differences for me to refer them 
to S. Balli. The type of the latter has been lent to me by 
Mr. Hume; and as the wings and tail in S. modestus are 
doubtless those of the adult bird, I draw attention to the follow- 
ing charaacters, which, as its seems to me, must separate the 
two ; for in no other species of Scops is such a difference known 
between the young and the adult stages :— 
Scops Balli, ad. greater 
wing coverts and _ secondary 
guills dull brown, externally 
rufous chocolate, with minute 
vermiculations of black, and a 
few small notches of fulvous. 
Primary coverts nearly 
blackish brown, vermiculated 
with rufous chocolate at the 
tips. Primaries dull brown, 
rufescent at tips, notched with 
white on outer web, the inter- 
spaces inclining to rufous 
chocolate. 
Tail for the most part rufous, 
chocolate-like back, with indi- 
cations of lighter bands, the 
outer feather externally notched 
with whitish. 
Scops modestus, juv. greater 
wing covert and secondary quills 
alternately barred with sandy 
rufous and dark brown, the latter 
bars rather broken up _ into 
vermiculations, especially on 
outer margin; the greater 
coverts with white spots near 
the tip of the outer web, not 
present in the secondaries. 
Primary coverts and primaries 
dull brown on inner web, but 
regularly banded with sandy 
rufous and dark brown on 
outer web; some of the pri- 
maries with whitish notches. 
Tait yegularly banded with 
dark brown and_ sandy 
rufous, the dark bars somewhat 
broken up into vermiculations 
on the centre feather. 
Again, the feathering of the ¢arsus is very different, not 
extending nearly so far down the leg in §. Balli as it does 
in 8. modestus.” 
