488 MONTIFRINGILLA MANDELLI. 
and succeeding quills very dark brown towards the tips and 
tipped paler, the tippings. becoming paler and more conspicu- 
ous as the feathers recede from the front of the wing 
Central tail feathers, brown, broadly edged and tipped with 
fulvous fawn; the rest with blackish brown tips, margined with 
fulvous fawn, then a white band which becomes wider and 
wider as the feathers recede from the centre,and which runs 
down the whole of the outer web of the exterior feather on 
either side; the basal portions where not white, blackish, 
dusky. 
It may give some slight idea of the much greater massive- 
ness of the bill in this species if I note that the height of the 
bill in this species measured from the culmen to the posterior 
angle of the lower mandible is 0°47, while measured in the 
same way in ruficollis it is only 0°37; or again measured from 
the angle of the gonys to the base of the culmen it is 0°38 in 
this species, and 0:32 in rujicollis. 
The next species is perhaps a rather aberrant Montifringilla, 
and will very probably hereafter be separated as a distinct 
genus. The wing is not so pointed; the tarsus is excessively 
massive, and the hind toe and claw also massive—the latter 
more curved than is usual in this genus. 
Montifringilla Mandelli.’ 
Orbital region black ; lower surface pure white ; upper surface grey brown ; 
back streaked whitish and darker brown ; rump white ; lateral tail 
feathers, broadly tipped white ; external nearly all white ; greater 
portion of secondaries, dark brown ; wing, 4'1. 
Dimensions (from the skin) :—Length, 6°6 ; wing, 4:1; tail, 
2°6; tarsus, 0°9; hind toe and claw, 0°57. 
The legs and feet are black ; the bill, yellowish horny, blackish 
dusky at tip (probably varies with season). The lores and the 
whole of the feathers round the eye, blackish dusky ; this color, 
though somewhat paler, is continued backwards as a streak over 
the ear coverts. A narrow frontal band, continued backwards 
over the eye, to the nape, greyish white, purest in its posterior 
portion; the frontal band is not well defined, but passes gra- 
dually into the color of the head. The entire top and back 
of the head included within these stripes, a dull earthy brown. 
This is succeeded by a narrow ill-defined greyish-white collar, 
dividing the brown of the head from the brown of the inter- 
scapulary region; scapulars and entire interscapulary region 
