76 Miscellaneous , 



introductory portion, that is not open to serious criticism, and it is 

 much to be regretted that, having taken up so important a task, 

 the author has not performed it more satisfactorily. He may, per- 

 haps, urge that it is a first attempt ; but while this would be an 

 excuse for much imperfection of special knowledge, it will not justify 

 the peculiar faults which it has been our unwelcome duty to point 

 out. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



On the Phylogeny of the Bopyrince. 

 By MM. A. GiAED and J. Bonniek. 



The Bopyringe are comparatively rare animals, and parasitic 

 upon a restricted number of genera of Crustacea belonging to 

 the groups Cirripedia, Ostracoda, Schizopoda, and Decapod a. Con- 

 fining ourselves for the present to the species parasitic upon 

 Decapoda and especially on the Decapoda of European seas, 

 we may remark this first interesting fact, that every species of 

 Decapod infested by Bopyrinse is so generally by two or more 

 different species, and that very often in the same locality and 

 sometimes even on the same individual. Thus, we find on Xantho 

 floridus, Cejpon pilula, Gr. & B., and Cancrion floridus, G. & B, ; 

 on Pilumnus hirtellus, Cepon elegans, G. & B., and Cancrion miser, 

 G. & B. ; on Portunus rnxuatus, Cepon Portuni, Kossm., and 

 Portunion salvatoris, Kossm. ; on Pagurus Bernhardus, Phryxus 

 Paguri, Rathke, and Pleurocrypta Hyndmanni, Sp. B. & W. ; on 

 Galathea squamifera, Pleurocrypta Galathece, Hesse, and Gyge 

 Galathece, Sp. B. & W. : on PorceUcmci longicornis, Pleurocrypta Por- 

 cellance, Hesse, and Entoniscus Muelleri, G. & B. ; on Oallianansa 

 sitbterranea, lone thorctcica, Mont., and Pseudione sp., Kossm. ; on 

 the species of the genus Hippolyte, Bopyrinse of the gen-Qia. Phryxus, 

 Gyge, Bopyroides, and Bopyrina, &c. 



All these Bopyrinse, even the Entoniscidae, are in reality external 

 parasites. Nevertheless, according to the position which they 

 occupy upon their host, the Bopyrinse of the Decapoda may be 

 divided into three distinct ethological groups : — 1, abdominal para- 

 sites ; 2, branchial parasites ; 3, visceral parasites. Now the difie- 

 rent species infesting the same Decapod generally belong to different 

 ethological groups. If we seek for analogous examples in other fami- 

 lies we may cite the Branchiobdellae, three species of which infest 

 Astacus Jluviatilis, each in a particular region of the body ; and 

 three species, parallel to our European types, have likewise been 

 indicated in the Japanese crayfish. Another example is furnished 

 by the Diptera of the family (Estridas, several species of which, 

 some cuticolar, others cavicolar or gastricolar, infest at the same 

 time certain types of Cervidse or Equidse. Eacts of this kind, 

 absolutely incomprehensible under the old hypothesis of the fixity 

 of species, become exceedingly instructive if we accept the theory 



