Mr. A. W. Waters on Australian Bryozoa, 85 



readily broken, there were in the interior several chitinous 

 tubes passing from the upper to the lower zooecia. 



There is rooting without articulation in typical Bugula and 

 Flustra^ but these genera have both very little calcareous 

 matter ; on the other hand, we see articulation in Bicellaria^ 

 which is considered sufficiently allied to Bugula to be placed 

 in the same family. 



In Gatenicella and other genera a raised disk is formed, out 

 of which the radicle-tube grows, and the connexion with the 

 interior seems to be by means of a rosette-plate at the base of 

 the disk. Diachoris has similar roots, and the question may 

 arise as to how far the connecting tubes are to be compared 

 with articulation. I have considered them analogous with 

 the tubes in which the rosette-plates occur in incrusting and 

 erect species ; and this view I think is the most probable. 

 Mevibranipora radicifera is rooted with distinct chitinous 

 tubes, on which account MacGillivray has gone so far as to 

 propose its being placed with Beania ; but this, I think, will 

 scarcely be accepted. What I called Diachoris patellaria, 

 Moll, is attached by means of a row of integumentary tubes ; 

 nevertheless MacGillivray places it under Amphiblestrum. 

 Probably both these cases are only modifications of the 

 mode of attachment which obtains in many incrusting forms, 

 to which I shall have to refer later on. 



This iirst paper happens to deal with articulated species ; 

 but this is a character which cannot be considered of 

 primary importance, seeing that it includes a large number of 

 purely Membraniporidan type ; others of Microporidan, as 

 M. ratoniensis ; Microporellidan, as Adeona &c. ; Poridan, as 

 Tubucellaria ; or Cellaridan, in a species which, as pointed out, 

 is known unarticulated both living and from the Cretaceous for- 

 mation. The classificatory value of articulation may, however, 

 not always be the same, as there may be cases where articula- 

 tion has taken place at a time far removed from the present, 

 and from these parents further differentiation has obtained, 

 forming various articulated groups ; in other cases local cir- 

 cufiistances may have recently caused articulation without 

 any other character having changed. The mode of articula- 

 tion seems to be of specific value, but within the same generic 

 group is often very various, 



1. Eucratea chelata (L.). 

 Cosmopolitan. Off Shark Island, 8 fath. 



