430 Dr. K. von Lendenfeld on the Chalinings. 



sufficient to sliow that my nomenclature is, according to the 

 method to which he has accustomed himself, untenable and 

 peculiar. This is certainly the case ; but it could equally well 

 be shown that the method employed by Mr. Dendy is illogical, 

 unreasonable, and bad. I do not find that the logical correct- 

 ness of my system is questioned, but Mr. Dendy takes it 

 upon himself to say that it cannot be right. The principles 

 on which I name the species &c. are very different from the 

 method employed by him ; and to enable the reader to form a 

 judgment on the method of nomenclature employed by me, I 

 give an abstract of it here. 



If a species is described and I redescribe it without altering 

 its limits and definition, and without placing it in another 

 genus, I attach to it the author's name, because I retain his 

 species. 



If a species is retained by me in its original scope, but 

 placed in another genus, I retain the specific name and replace 

 the name of the original author by my own, because the name 

 under wliich I describe it is different from that used by the 

 original author. F. E, Schulze (' Challenger' Report on the 

 Hexactinellida) gives in such cases the name of the original 

 author in brackets, and sometimes adds another, as, for 

 instance, in the case of Farrea occa (Bowerbank), Carter 



■(P-277). . . . , . 



If I retain a previously described species but alter its scope, 

 I retain the old name, unless it is objectionable, and affix my 

 name to it, because it is in this sense a new species. 



If a species has been described under various specific 

 names I take the oldest of those which apply to the species 

 in my sense, and not to the oldest of all irrespective of this. 



If I combine a number of different sponges previously 

 described to form one species, I give it a new name, because 

 none of the previous names applies to the species in my sense, 

 which is new. 



If sponges belonging to different species have been de- 

 scribed as one and the same species (this does not occur often), 

 I of course establish new species for the parts thereof. 



If I raise varieties to the rank of species, I retain the name 

 of the variety if suitable and attach my name to it, because 

 as a species it is new. 



If I distribute a number of sponges previously described 

 among varieties of one species, I of course give these as 

 synonyms of the varieties, and establish a new name for the 

 species, under which the old names do not appear as syn- 

 onyms. 



I hold strong opinions on this point, and am radically 



