of Horse from Central Asia. 19 
Aralo-Caspian steppes obtained by General Perofsky ; and 
one stuffed and two unstuffed skins of the djiggetai (Asinus 
hemionus, Pall.) from Southern Dauria or the northern con- 
fines of the Gobi steppe, from M. Radde’s collection. The 
last-mentioned specimens are typical, having served Pallas 
for his description. The kulan (Asinus onager) was de- 
scribed by Pallas in his ‘ Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica,’ p. 263, 
and called by him Hguus asinus 8. onager. He considered it 
most closely allied to the domestic ass, an opinion accepted by 
many other naturalists, including Gray, but one which I 
regard as wholly erroneous—the kulan, or A. 8. onager of 
Pallas, having no external resemblance to the domestic ass, 
and being more readily confounded with the djiggetai, its closest 
congener and nearest geographical neighbour. But without 
ample materials I could not enter upon a complete analysis of 
the wild asses of Asia; suffice it therefore to say, that in the 
following remarks I shall refer to the djiggetai under the name 
of Asinus hemionus, and the kulan under that of A. onager. 
In describing my new species I shall chiefly dwell on ex- 
ternal marks, only examining the head in a general way for 
the sake of comparison with the domestic horse and the asses. 
The dentition, specially valuable in examining fossil re- 
mains of horses, has been purposely omitted, the materials 
for a comparative study of this branch of the subject being 
limited to Owen’s description of the Cave of Bruniquel and 
its organic remains, in Phil. Trans. of Royal Soc. vol. clix. 
(1869), and the article on American fossil horses in the same 
volume. An examination of the tooth-system would be 
interesting also on the basis of Riitimeyer’s researches 
(“‘ Beitriige zur Kenntniss der fossilen Pferde,” in the ‘ Ver- 
handlungen der naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel,’ 
vol. iii. 1863, and the continuation of this work published in the 
¢ Abhandlungen der schweizerischen paliontologischen Gesell- 
schaft,’ vol. iii. 1875) ; but this important subject deserves 
to be considered in a separate article. 
The hunting expedition sent by M. Tihonof from the post 
Zaisan to the sand deserts of Central Asia, in quest of wild 
camels, obtained another interesting animal hitherto unknown 
to science. ‘This was a new species of the equine race, iden- 
tical with the “ Surtakeh” of the Kirghiz, if we may judge 
from Dr. Brehm’s information, collected from the Kirghiz 
inhabiting the tracts where the wild camel is known to exist 
(‘ Zoologische Garten,’ 1876, p. 840). One single specimen 
was shot by these native hunters; and its skin was preserved 
and sent asa gift to Prejevalsky, who happened to be then at 
Zaisan. He presented it to the Zoological Museum of the 
oe 
