10 Rev. T. Hincks’s Contributions towards 
Remarkable as the profusion and variety of these appendages 
are In many cases, specimens frequently occur in which only 
the oral avicularia are present. 
Family Microporellide. 
MicroporELia, Hincks. 
Microporella (Eschara) mucronata, MacGillivray. 
This species is very common amongst the dredgings, some- 
times forming large erect and branching zoaria, sometimes 
creeping on shells, in which state it bears a general resem- 
blance to M. violacea. In all cases it originates in a crust 
of larger or smaller extent, from the middle of which the erect 
stems rise. 
I have little doubt that this form is identical with the 
Eschara lichenoides of Busk, though not with Milne- 
Edwards’s species of that name*. Busk describes two 
avicularia, situated one on each side immediately below the 
mouth, whilst MacGillivray only notes one placed centrally ; 
but the fact is that both conditions occur on one and the same 
specimen: the younger cells have very frequently the pair 
of avicularia; in the older portions of the colony there is more 
commonly one. The cluster of stellate pores is the distinctive 
character. If I am right in supposing that M.-Edwards’s 
E. lichenoides is a different form, MacGillivray’s name will 
hold its place, unless, indeed, the older EL. coscinophora of 
Reuss should prove to be the same thing. 
In older states, as calcification advances, the front of the 
cell is occupied in great part by a large oblong depression, 
within which the orifice and the pores, and not unfrequently 
the avicularia, are included. 
I have referred to the resemblance between the cell of this 
species and that of M. violacea: their leading features, which 
are sufficiently marked, are identical ; and it is impossible not 
to recognize a close relationship between them; yet in the 
older systems these kindred forms are relegated to distinet 
families, simply because, though they both commence life as 
incrusting species, one of them grows upward when adult. 
HAPLOPORELLA, n. gen. 
Gen. char.—Zocecia destitute of a membranous area or 
aperture, and of raised margins ; orifice arched above, with the 
lower lip entire; no special pores. 
* Kirchenpauer has pointed out that Busk’s species is quite distinct 
from that of Milne-Edwards. 
