394 Mr. H. B. Brady on some Arctic Foraminifera. 
material, it may be interesting to recapitulate briefly the suc- 
cessive steps that have heretofore been made towards a know- 
ledge of the Rhizopod-fauna of the polar seas, that we may 
be in a position to determine the precise value to science of 
the instalment now furnished by the explorations of Lieuts. 
Weyprecht and Payer. 
The first record of any importance concerning the Rhizopoda 
living at the sea-bottom within the Arctic Circle is contained 
in a short paper by Profs. W. K. Parker and 'T. Rupert Jones, 
published in 1857, entitled ‘‘ Description of some Foraminifera 
from the Coast of Norway” *. ‘The specimens therein de- 
scribed were chiefly found in dredgings made by the late Mr. 
M‘Andrew at points not far from land, between lat. 65° N. 
and 71° N., in depths of fronr 30 to 200 fathoms (55 to 366 
metres). The total amount of material, however, appears to 
have been small; and the number of species described and 
figured is only twenty-six. 
In 1864 the same authors presented to the Royal Society 
their well-known memoir “On some Foraminifera from the 
North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, including Davis Straits and 
Baffin’s Bay’’t, a work which has, since that time, been gene- 
rally accepted as the text-book of the subject. It contains the 
results of the examination of soundings taken by Sir HE. Parry 
in Baffin’s Bay, between latitudes 74° 45’ and 76° 30! N., and 
of those made by Dr. Sutherland off the Hunde Islands in 
lat. 68° 50’ N., together with a revised and extended list from 
Mr. M‘Andrew’s Norwegian dredgings in the latitudes already 
named. One of the distribution-tables which accompany the 
memoir is devoted to the Arctic fauna. It comprises twenty 
localities, of which seven belong to the group of soundings 
from Baffin’s Bay, five to the Hunde Islands, and eight to 
the coast of Norway. In all seventy-five species of Forami- 
nifera are included; and of these twenty appear only in the 
Norwegian list. 
On the departure of the last British North-Polar expedition 
in 1875, the steam-ship ‘ Valorous’ accompanied the explor- 
ing vessels as far as Davis Straits, with Dr. J. Gwyn Jeftreys 
as naturalist; and on the return voyage some dredging was 
accomplished. A preliminary report on the Foraminifera 
obtained on this cruise was drawn up by the Rev. A. M. Nor- 
man{; and a brief notice of some of the larger species was 
supplied by Dr. Carpenter. The record of Mr. Norman’s 
* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, vol. xix. p. 273, pls. xi., xii. 
+ ‘Philosophical Transactions,’ vol. cly. p. 325, pls. xii.-xix. 
{ Proc. Royal Soc. vol. xxy. p. 202. 
