450 Miscellaneous. 
winter. It is then covered by an inner shell, ornamented and 
formed of parchment cells. At the end of the winter this latter 
shell generally alone remains ; and towards the month of March or 
April there issues from it a small but perfectly formed Melicerta, 
which does not pass through the phase of ciliated and swimming 
larva, like that born from the summer-egg. 
Male Summer-Egg.—The development of the male egg is similar 
to that of the female summer-egg, at least up the closure of the 
blastopore. The creature that issues from it is about half the size 
of the female larva. It resembles the latter in general form, but 
differs in the complete absence of the digestive tube, and in the 
presence of an organ which, from the analogy of the male of 
Lacinularia, I regard as a sperm-sac, although I have been 
unable to detect in it any spermatozoids, but at the utmost some 
mother cells. This may be because I have always observed the 
male soon after exclusion. I have therefore no observation upon 
its function. Itis rare, and dies soon; I have never found it in any 
tube of the female. Does it fertilize all the females, or only those 
with winter-eges? Does it fertilize some of them, as is the case 
with certain species of insects? or is the reproduction wholly 
parthenogenetic? I cannot decide this. At any rate, I have never 
observed in any female any thing resembling a spermatozoid. The 
ovum, from the time of its passing into the sac of maturation, be- 
comes clothed with a thick chorion; it always begins segmentation 
immediately after deposition, and apparently under the influence of 
water; for an ovum ready for deposition which remains in a dead 
female is not segmented, but becomes destroyed—that is to say, 
unless the chitinous envelope of the mother is torn so as to 
allow the water to enter, in which case the ovum soon begins its 
development.—Comptes Rendus, November 7, 1881, p. 748. . 
Addendum to our Knowledge of the Carnosa. 
By H. J. Canter, F.R.S. &e. 
In the number of the ‘ Annals’ for October last I gave a tabular 
view of the Carnosa (pp. 252, 253), omitting Lacinia stellifica, 
Salenka (p. 249) and Cellulophana pileata, Schmidt (p. 258), because 
I could not satisfy myself that they not only were not Carnosa, but 
not sponges at all. 
Since then my attention has been called to Dr. F. E. Schultze’s 
observations on his family ‘Chondroside” (Zeitschrift f. wiss. 
Zoologie, Bd. xxix. 1877), wherein, at pp. 35 and 37 respectively, my 
doubts regarding the spongeous nature of these organisms are con- 
firmed, inasmuch as Dr. Schultze therein affirms that he has satis- 
fied himself, through actual examination, that both Lacinia stellifica 
and Cellulophana pileata are compound Ascidians. 
I am not sorry that these recorded facts had slipped my memory 
at the time the “Contribution” to which I have alluded was com- 
piled, because the observations therein made lead independently 
to the decisions of an unquestionable authority. 
