8 THE PENOKEE IRON-BEARING SERIES. 



meridian, and westwai'd to the end of the range in the vicinity of EngHsh 

 lake.' Dr. Lapham's object was an economic one mainly, his investigation 

 being made in behalf of a Milwaukee iron' company. Dr. Laphani located 

 a number of the exposures of the lean magnetic ore that makes up so much 

 of this range and some of the exposures also of the associated rocks. These 

 exposures he indicated on a simple map accompanying his report. His 

 map was thus the first attempt at a definite platting of any portion of 

 this interesting belt. 



Brooks and Pumpeiiy (1871).— In the fall of 1871 Messrs. T. B. Brooks and 

 R. Pumpeiiy, then engaged for the State of Michigan in a geological survey 

 of the so-called upper peninsula of that State, made a rapid reconnaissance 

 along the iron belt from the passage of Bad river through the Penokee 

 range in Wisconsin eastward to the Ontonagon river in Michigan. No 

 definite mapping was attempted, but some very interesting new conclu- 

 sions were reached, as announced shortly afterward in publications below 

 quoted from. 



Irving (1873, 1876, 1877, 1885).— The writer's studies in the Penokee region 

 began in June, 1873, under the auspices of the Wisconsin Geological Sur- 

 vey, then recently revived under the direction of Dr. I. A. Lajiham.'^ Sub- 

 sequently this work was continued under the same auspices during the 

 seasons of 1876 and 1877, under the direction of Dr. T. C Chamberlin, 

 the successor of Dr. Lapham as state geologist.^ The attemjit was made 

 to do such detailed work as would furnish the necessary material for the 

 construction of maps and the determination of the true order of succession 

 of the rocks of the region. The results ol)tained were finally published in 

 1880 in full, with numerous maps and other illu.strations, in th(» third 

 volume of the Geology of Wisconsin. This report covers not only that 

 portion of our present district which is included within the State of Wis- 

 consin, Init also all of northern Wisconsin lying north of T. 43 N. and 

 east of R. G W. Many of the results contained in this report are made 



I The Penokee Iron Range, Trans. Wis. State Agr. See, vol. v, p. 391-400; also Report of the 

 Directors of the Wisconsin and L. S. Mining and Snieltini; Co., Milwaukee, 1860, pp. 22-37. 



^Geol. of Wis., vol. ii, pp. 7, 8. 



'Annual Report of Progress and Results of tlie Wisconsin (Soological Survey for the year 1876, 

 pp. 13-18. Annual Iteptirt of the Wisconsin (lidlos^iial Survey for the yi;ir 1S77, pp. 17-25. 



