GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS AND LITERATURE. 27 



these mines, for the reason tliat tlic difference in tlie expense of qiiariyin^' tlie ore 

 from the side of a liiyh clirt', and of mining it below the surface of the ground, will he 

 sutticieut to dissipate all the profits that can be made from tlic use of ores so 

 obtained. (!'.;«.) 



18G3. 



Whittlesey (Charles). The Penokie Mineral Range, Wisconsin, Proc. Best. 

 Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. ix, l.SG2-'«a, ])p. 235-L'44. 



'V\w work (lone l)^' Col. Whittlesey in 184L) in connection with Dr. 

 Owen's general snrvey of tlie northwest antedated the linear snrvevs of 

 this reg-ioiL Eleven years later, Ano'itst to Octoher, iSliO, lie made a 

 fnrtlier examination of tlie 13ad river country, under tlie allspices of the 

 Wisconsin Geological Survey, then organized under James Hall. This 

 time he had tlie advantage of the linear surveys. His report was never 

 publislie<l, the sur^■ey l)eing ver^• short-lived. He afterwards published a 

 few brief tletails in reports to iron companies and the summary contained 

 in this pamphlet, fi'om which we quote quite fully. The ina[) accompany- 

 ing Whittlesey's rejiort to the Wisconsin Geological Survey was not pul)- 

 lished until 1880, when it appeared in an appendix to the third volume of 

 the Geology of Wisconsin, but it is projjerly reproduced here, having been 

 prepared in 1860. (PI. iv.) 



The coi)per-bcaring- strata of point Keweuaw (lake Superior'i extend south- 

 westerly across the boundary of the state of Michigan into Wisconsin. These strata 

 constitute a. long, narrow, and bold mountain range from Oopper harbor to Long lake, 

 a distance of Kid miles. There are no stratigraphical breaks along this line, the 

 order of the rock being everywhere the same. The (lii» of the beds is always north- 

 ei'ly or northwest and the strike to the uortlieast or east, the general line of outcrop 

 being northeast by east. On jtoiiit Kewenaw and as far southwest as the Akogebe 

 lake, on the west Ibrk of tlu^ Ontonagon river, the co])per veins ]ia\e been found 

 valuable. 



Beyond the waters of the Ontonagon, in the same diiectioii, veins have been 

 discovered, but, after limited workings, have been abandoned. The Montreal river 

 forms the boundary between JI//(7(/(/«» (did Wisconsin, and as early as the year 1845 

 mining locations were made on its waters where they pass the range. Locations were 

 also made upon the waters ot the Bad or Mauvaise river, a stream with numerous 

 branches, draining the country from the Montreal to the head waters of the Chip- 

 peway and St. Croix rivers. 



