CHAPTER TI 



By C. E. Van Hise. 



THE SOUTHERN COMPLEX. 



General. Geographical Distribution. The Western granite. The Western green schist. The 

 Central granite. The Eastern green schist. The Eastern granite. Summary. 



General. — The rocks south of the Penokee series (PI. II) are exceed- 

 ingly complex, both .ns to their litholog-ical character and structural relations. 

 They comprise, first, unmistakable eruptives, fresh and in various stages of 

 alteration, including diabases, syenites, gneissoid granites, granites; and, 

 second, many diiferent varieties of gneisses and schists. There are large 

 areas which contain only massive rocks, and other large areas which con- 

 tain only schistose rocks, except for infrequent cutting basic eruptives; but 

 between the different areas are zones in which are found mingled massive 

 and schistose kinds and apparent gradations between the two. The folia- 

 tions of the schists xavj widely in dip and strike. More often than other- 

 wise they are in rough conformity with the members of the overlying 

 Penokee series; but this is ti'ue only in a very general way, tlie strike 

 frequentl}- being almost or quite at right angles to the strikes of those rocks. 

 Further, the strikes vary widely within short distances, presenting a strong 

 contrast in this particular to the rocks to the uoi'th. If this variation in 

 strike is noticeable, the variation in dip is still more remarkable, inclinations 

 in opposite directions frequently occurring within a short distance of each 

 other. These abrupt changes in strike and dip clearly indicate that the 

 series is one which has been closely crumpled. 



This report is not primarily designed to cover the complex basement 

 series. What follows is therefore of an incomplete and somewhat general 



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