64 



SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. ']2 



It has, however, an instructive feature they do not possess, viz., 

 cists made of slabs of stone set on edge. Evidences are accumulat- 

 ing- of a culture antecedent to the i)ure pueblo type in which vertical 

 masonry predominates, but we must await more knowledge of the 

 construction of the houses of this epoch before speculating on the 

 early relations of the builders of vertical and horizontal masonry. 



Fig. 65. — Square Tower House repaired, as seen from the west. Photo- 

 graph by T. G. Lemmon. 



ARCHEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS IN ARIZONA 

 In continuation of work in Arizona for the Bureau of American 

 Ethnology, Dr. Walter Hough began excavation of an important 

 ruin in Grasshopper Valley, 14 miles west of Cibecue on the White 

 Mountain Apache Reservation, Arizona. The ruin consists of two 

 great mounds covered with brush and showing portions of walls. 



The inhabitants, as shown by the skeletal remains, were Pueblo 

 Indians. Among the discoveries were a temporary camping place 

 of a clan while their houses were being constructed ; the use of heavy 

 masonry retaining walls to prevent the thrust in the earth covered 

 with the great structure of the pueblo ; and the determination that 

 the house jilans. sometimes called " foundations." and thought to be 

 unfinished structures, are remains of open air sheds, such as those 

 now in use by the Pimas. The presence of two very large debris 



