70 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 72 



text all the doctrines of the great Seneca religious reformer of the 

 close of the i8th century, Skanyodaiyo (the so-called " Handsome 

 Lake," but which is literally " It is a beautiful Lake "). 



]\Ir. Hewitt left this Onondaga reservation j\Iay 31, 1919, g"oing 

 directly to the Grand River Grant, Ontario, Canada, where the other 

 tribes of the six Iroquois tribes dwell. There he resumed his inten- 

 sive study and analysis of his recorded texts relating to the institu- 

 tions of the League, recording variant passages and terms when 

 encountered. He also obtained in detail the pattern of the wampum 

 strings in beads which are used in the Requickening Address of the 

 League. Twenty-eight strings, at least, are necessary. On each 

 string the blue and the wdiite beads are arranged according to a 

 definite pattern. 



An effect of the war of the American revo'ution on the tribal integ- 

 rity of the Six Nations of Iroquois was that every tribe, except the 

 Mohawk, was sundered into two independent bodies ; and one part 

 of each of the divided tribes became resident on a separate reserva- 

 tion in the State of New York, and its public affairs became mea- 

 surably dissociated from those of the parts of the other tribes dwell- 

 ing in New York, while the complementary tribal parts removed to 

 Canada, where they finally settled on the Grand River Grant. So 

 that at first there were two Onondaga tribes, the one in New York 

 and the other in Canada, two Seneca tribal groups, the one in New 

 York and the other in Canada, two Oneida tribes, two Ca}uga tribes, 

 and two Tuscarora tribes, similarly dispersed. 



This disrupting of tribal integrity resulted in sundering the League 

 Federal Council into two independent units. Since the tribes in 

 New York State severally occupied individual reservations, often far 

 removed one from another, each tribe was thrown more on its own 

 resources than previovisly ; and the Federal Council composed of the 

 New York tribes was convened only when some matter affecting all 

 these tribes became urgent ; and this situation naturally tended to 

 efface the concrete knowledge of the basic federal laws and ])rinci]:>les 

 of the League from the minds of the New York tribes, so that within 

 50 or 60 years after this, the laws and the rituals of the original 

 League had become largely obsolescent, if not wholly forgotten, in 

 New York State. 



Conversely, the tribes of the Six Nations of Iroquois who removed 

 to Canada and settling on the Grand River Grant elected to transact 

 their affairs at a semi-federal council composed of all tribal and all 

 federal chiefs (whose titles were not then held in New York State). 



