N(1. 6 SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, I92O 95 



have advanced to a complete familiarity with United States currency. 

 Purchases can be paid for with check. Some of the more advanced 

 have bank accounts. The Hopi were always acquisitive and frugal, 

 and their habits have put them in a rather good financial condition. 

 Their agricultural products have had a better market and the prices 

 are less subject to the former fixed low valuations of the local trader. 



Social Changes 



The most efifective cause of social changes was the enforced atten- 

 dance of children at government schools and the sending of children 

 to distant Indian schools. Causing considerable friction at first, this 

 has now been accepted in most cases as advantageous. 



A result not prevised is the weakening of the clan discipline whose 

 former regulative authority was silent but powerful. The weakening 

 of this authority produced much laxity for a time and it was found 

 necessary to appoint policemen and a " judge." The government 

 found it necessary to send away girls not noticeably under parental 

 discipline to schools until they should become discreet. This measure 

 was quite opportune and had a lieneficial efl^ect. 



Decay of Native Ceremonies 



In this connection there is ensuing a rapid decay of native cere- 

 monials. The heaviest loss to the native cult is felt by the death of 

 the old men of a former generation. Very shortly there will be no 

 one of the tribe who has not had training in school and more and more 

 of these will evade the call of the native religion. 



Some fraternities have suspended operation and others are very 

 weak. Notably the woman's harvest ceremony at Walpi has passed 

 out and the Snake Society there is about to discontinue. 



Christianization 



Missions to the Hopi were carried on from time to time during a 

 period of several hundred years without appreciable results. When 

 the disintegration due to government control had progressed mis- 

 sionary efiforts began to bear fruit. 



The Baptist mission at Polacca has a stone church and a consider- 

 able and growing numl^er of converts. Other branches of this mission 

 are doing well. 



A slight cleavage is observed between the Christians and non- 

 Christians but no friction. The Hopi are agreed to let things work 

 out as thev will. 



