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SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 



VOL. 72 



New Mexico. He found in Burns, La Jara and other canyons indi- 

 cations of two periods of occupation evinced by the pottery which 

 belongs to the old pre-Spanish black-and-white and the hard- 

 coiled wares. The houses of the earlier period were " earth 

 lodges " of a primitive type. The house remains point to the second 

 occupation and are in many cases built on the tops of high masses of 

 sandstone (fig. 136) , and show the crudest workmanship. A common 

 site for buildings is the edge of high points (fig. 137), along the 

 terraced (natural) sides of the canyons. All of the later sites give 



Fig. 138. — Dulce Ruin. 



an impression that they were more or less defensive and hastily 

 erected. Associated with these buildings are remains of metal objects, 

 apparently of Spanish manufacture ; many of the beams in the houses 

 plainly show the marks of metal tools. The pottery has a bluish-black 

 color, closely resembling a modern vitrified brick, and is so hard that 

 when struck it rings with a clear bell-like tone. The surface suggests 

 old Hopi ware and the decorations are similar to the older Zufii and 

 Acoma designs. 



The pottery and associate remains probably do not antedate the 

 reconquest of the Southwest by the Spaniards in 1690. It is known 

 that some of the pueblo people fled from the Spaniards at the time of 



