Lycopodiaceae 23 



1. LYCOPODIUM L. Hikage-no-kazura Zoku 



Stems erect or creeping, much branched; leaves small, imbricate or subverticillate, 4- to 16-ranked, usually all alike, sometimes 

 dimorphic and distichous; sporangia coriaceous, 1-locular, 2-valved, reniform to subglobose. About 180 species, widely dis- 

 tributed. 



lA. Stems erect or drooping, not creeping; sporangia in axils of leaflike or scalelike bracts of main stem. 



2A. Plants terrestrial, 3-25 cm. high, usually erect from the decumbent or ascending base, often bearing axillary bulbils in the upper part. 



3 A. Leaves lanceolate, serrate, costate, petiolelike at base I. L. serratum 



3B. Leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, ecostate, not narrowed at base 2. L. selago 



2B. Plants epiphytic, usually pendulous, sometimes erect, to 70 cm. long, often tufted. 

 4A. Leaves less than 4 mm. long, nearly all alike. 



5A. Leaves broadly subulate, 1.5-3 mm. long, strongly Incurved above the middle, 1.5-2 times as long as the sporangia. 



3. L. jargesii 



5B. Leaves triangular-ovate, about 1.5 mm. long, closely appressed to the stem, about as long as the sporangia 4. L. sieboldit 



4B. Leaves 8-20 mm. long, nearly all alike or dimorphic. 



6A. Sterile leaves linear to lanceolate; fertile leaves similar but usually slightly smaller, much longer than the sporangia. 



7A. Leaves spirally arranged, broadly linear to linear-lanceolate, the sterile leaves about 1.5-2 mm. wide. ... 5. L. cryptomenniim 



7B. Leaves subdistichous, lanceolate, the sterile leaves 2.5-3 mm. wide 6. L. fordii 



6B. Sterile leaves deltoid-ovate to broadly deltoid-lanceolate, spreading, 6-13 mm. long, 4-6 mm. wide, lustrous, broadest at the 



base; fertile leaves scalelike, deltoid or deltoid-ovate, as long as or slightly longer than the sporangia 7. L. phlegmaria 



IB. Stems creeping or long-climbing; sporangia in special fertile terminal spikes on the lateral branches. 



8A. Fertile stems unbranched, arising directly from short-creeping, simple or sparsely branched primary stems; sterile branches creep- 

 ing, not erect. 

 9A. Leaves (bracts) of fertile stems (peduncles) dense, simulating those of the creeping stems; sporangia subglobose. . 8. L. inundatum 

 9B. Leaves (bracts) of fertile stems (peduncles) scattered, scalelike, much smaller than those of the creeping stems; sporangia rcni- 



fonn 9. L. carolinianum 



8B. Fertile stems branched, arising from much elongated primary stems; sterile branches often erect. 

 lOA. Spikes nodding to deflexed. 



IIA. Stems much elongate, climbing on trees; spikes in groups of 2-10, pedunculate; branchlets much flattened; leaves of sterile 

 branches linear-lanceolate, 1.5-2 mm. long, appressed, with a long hairlike tip; fertile leaves (bracts) obsoletely toothed, with 



a hyaline hairlike tip 10. L. casuarinoides 



IIB. Stems erect, not twining or climbing, arcuate above; spikes solitary, sessile; branchlets not flattened; leaves of sterile stems 

 linear-subulate, 3-4 mm. long, with an awnlike tip; fertile leaves (bracts) fimbriate, with a long awnlike tip. 11. L. cernuum 

 lOB. Spikes erect. 



12A. Leaves spirally to somewhat distichously arranged, all alike or nearly so. 



13A. Stems long-creeping below ground; branches erect, unbranched at base, much branched above, of treelike form. 



12. L. obscurum 

 13B. Stems creeping on surface of ground; branches sparsely ramulose near the ascending base, not of treelike form. 



HA. Free portion of sterile leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, 3.5-6(-7) mm. long, toothed or the tip filiform; spikes 2-6 cm. 

 long. 

 15A. Spikes 1-6, long-pedunculate; leaves of sterile branches entire, with a filiform hairlike tip. 



13. L. clavattim var. nipponicum 



15B. Spikes solitary, sessile; leaves of sterile branches toothed, with a pungent awnlike tip 14. L. annotinum 



14B. Free portion of sterile leaves subulate, 2-3 mm. long, entire, acuminate; spikes 1-2 cm. long. 15. L. sitchense var. nikpense 

 12B. Leaves in 4 rows, somewhat dimorphic. 



16A. Spikes solitary, 1-2 cm. long, sessile; sterile branches slightly flattened, the ventral leaves trowel-shaped or subulate, the 

 lateral leaves strongly incurved on outer margin, with the free portion about as long as the decurrent base. 



16. L. alpinum 

 16B. Spikes 2-5, 2-3 cm. long, long-pedunculate; sterile branchlets much flattened, the ventral leaves reduced to a minute ap- 

 pressed subulate tip, the lateral leaves not or only slightly incurved on outer margin, with the free portion much shoner 

 than the decurrent base 17. L. complanattim 



1. Lycopodium serratum Thunb. var. serratum. L. Var. longepetiolatum Spring. L. javanicum Sw.; L. serra- 



lucidulum sensu auct. Japon., non Michx. Hosoba-toge- ti<m var. javanicum (Sw.) Makino; L. serratum forma inter- 



SHIBA. Stems erect, ascending to shordy decumbent at base, medium Nakai; L. serratum var. intermedium (Nakai) Miyabe 



simple or sparsely forked, 7-25 cm. long, striate, bulbils in up- & Kudo 0-togeshiba, Hiroha-no-togeshiba. Leaves 



per part deep green, consisting of 3 oblong, obtuse, carnose, broader, distincdy narrowed to a petiolelike base. Honshu 



erect leaves about 5 mm. long; leaves rather thin and loose, (s. distr.), Shikoku, Kyushu. 



spreading to subdeflexed, narrowly to broadly lanceolate, 6-20 2. Lycopodium selago L. var. appressum Desv. Ko- 



mm. long, 1-5 mm. wide, acuminate to short-cuspidate, green, suci-ran. Stems nearly simple or sparsely forked, erect from a 



flat, sometimes unequal in size, costate on both sides especially short ascending base, 3-10 cm. long, 4-12 mm. wide including 



so beneath, serrate and sometimes crisped on margin, nearly the leaves, with bulbils in upper portion; leaves rather thick 



sessile; sporangia in axils of ordinary leaves, reniform, sessile. and dense, linear-lanceolate, 3-5 mm. long, 0.8-1 mm. wide, 



Woods in mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyu- ascending, incurved to appressed toward apex, ecostate, acumi- 



shu; rather common and variable. Sakhalin, s. Kuriles, nate, entire, lustrous, scarcely broadened at base; sporangia 



Korea, Ryukyus, Formosa, China to India, and Malaysia. reniform, in axils of ordinary leaves. Mossy sunny slopes in 



