Lycopodiaceae 



25 



soletely toothed, with a hyaline tardily deciduous apical hair; 

 spikes in groups of 2-10, pedunculate, erect, pedicelled, cylin- 

 dric, 2-5 cm. long, the bracts ovate-deltoid, 2.5-3 mm. long, 



undulate-toothed, with a hyaline apical hair. Pine forests; 



Honshu (Kii Prov.), Kyushu; very rare. Formosa, China, 



Philippines, and Malaysia to n. India. 



11. Lycopodium cemuum L. Mizu-sugi. Stems 

 rather slender, 20-50 cm. long, erect at base, arcuate above, 

 often rooting and bearing new shoots at apex, densely leafy, 

 pale green; branches much ramified, relatively short, slender, 

 somewhat arcuate at the tip; leaves of sterile branches all alike, 

 linear-subulate, entire, spreading to ascending, 3-4 mm. long, 

 0.2-0.3 mm. wide, attenuate to an awnlike tip; spikes solitary 

 on the branch tips, sessile, nodding, ovoid to ovoid-cylindric, 

 densely bracteate, 5-10 mm. long, about 3 mm. across; bracts 



deltoid, fimbriate, awnlike at the tip. Wet sunny slopes in 



hills and mountains; Hokkaido (Iburi Prov.), Honshu, Shi- 



koku, Kyushu. Ryukyus, Formosa, and the tropics of both 



hemispheres. 



12. Lycopodium obscunim L. Mannen-sugi. Stems 

 long-creeping, subterranean, slender, about 2.5 mm. wide, 

 loosely scaly; branches erect, 15-30 cm. long, simple at base, 

 much branched above, rather loosely to densely leafy; leaves all 

 alike, linear to broadly so, 3—4 mm. long, 0.5-0.7 mm. wide, 

 green, spreading, often incurved at apex, minutely spine- 

 tipped; spikes 1 to several on a branch, solitary and terminal 

 on the branchlets, erect, 2-5 cm. long, the bracts cordate-del- 

 toid, undulate, more or less scarious-margined, with a short 



cusp at the tip. Damp coniferous woods in mountains; 



Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; rather common. s. 



Kuriles, Sakhalin, Korea, e. Siberia, and N. America. 



Forma strictum (Milde) D. C. Eaton. L. dendroideum var. 

 strictum Milde; L. juniperoideum Sw.; L. obscurum var. den- 

 droideum (Michx.) D. C. Eaton; L. dendroideum Michx. 



Tachi-mannen-sugi. Branchlets short, erect; plant with a 



treelike aspect. Forma flabellatum (Milde) Takeda. L. 



dendroideum vor. flabellatum Milde Uchiwa-mannen-sugi 



Branchlets obliquely spreading, subflabellate. 



13. Lycopodium clavatum L. var. nipponicum Nakai. 

 L. japonicum Thunb. Hikage-no-kazura. Stems exten- 

 sively creeping, leafy, 3-4 mm. across excluding the leaves, al- 

 ternately branched; branches forked, ascending, densely leafy, 

 6-8 mm. across inclusive of the leaves; leaves all alike, spread- 

 ing, linear to broadly so, 4-5 mm. long, 0.5-1 mm. wide, more 

 or less incurved and filiform at the tip, entire, green, slightly 

 lustrous; spikes erect 1-6, cylindric, 2-6 cm. long; peduncles 

 7-20 cm. long, erect, loosely leafy, the leaves ascending or 

 suberect, linear, with a long hairlike tip; bracts ovate-deltoid, 

 with a hairlike tip, spreading, the margins narrowly scarious, 

 undulate-erose. Woods in hills to high mountains; Hok- 

 kaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common and very variable. 

 Our plant, someumes differentiated into 2 or 3 varieties, usu- 

 ally has leaves with a shorter hairlike tip than European plants. 



The species occurs in Sakhalin, Kuriles, Korea, Formosa, 



China, India, Malaysia to Polynesia and Hawaii, N. America, 

 Europe, and Africa. 



14. Lycopodium annotinum L. Sugi-kazura. Stems 

 long-creeping, leafy; branches ascending, somewhat forked at 

 base, erect, to 20 cm. long, densely leafy, 8-13 mm. across; 

 leaves of sterile branches spreading to subreflexed, 4-7 mm. 

 long, 0.6-1.3 mm. wide, with an incurved tip, toothed, obso- 

 letely costate on both sides, with a pungent awnlike tip; spikes 



solitary, terminal on the branchlets, 2.5-4 cm. long, 4-5 mm. 

 across, sessile, erect; bracts dense, broadly deltoid-ovate, 

 abrupdy acuminate with a short deciduous filiform tip, the 



margins erose-dentate, more or less hyaline. Coniferous 



woods: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; rather common. 



Kuriles, Sakhalin, Kamchatka, Korea to China and the 



Himalayas, Siberia to Europe, and N. America. Our plants 

 may be separated into the following: 



Var. pungens Desv. Takane-sugi-kazura. Leaves as- 

 cending, about 0.5-0.7 mm. wide, incurved at the tip, nearly 

 entire. 



Var. latifolium Takeda. Hiroha-no-sugi-kazura. Leaves 

 horizontally to obliquely spreading, lanceolate, usually more 

 than 1 mm. wide, slightly incurved at tip. 



Var. angustatum Takeda. Shinno-sugi-kazura. Leaves 

 reiiexed, linear-lanceolate, about 1 mm. wide or sometimes 

 narrower. 



15. Lycopodium sitchense Rupr. var. nikoense (Fr. & 

 Sav.) Takeda. L. ni\oense Fr. & Sav.; L. alpinum var. ni- 

 \oense Fr. & Sav.; L. sabinaefolium var. sitchense subvar. ni- 

 koense (Fr. & Sav.) Koidz.;? L. alpinum var. planiramulosum 

 Takeda Takane-hikage-no-kazura. Stems long-creep- 

 ing, loosely leafy, about 2 mm. across exclusive of the leaves; 

 branches forked nearly to the base, 3-15 cm. long (inclusive 

 of the fertile branchlets which are usually longer than the ster- 

 ile), 3-5 mm. across inclusive of the leaves, somewhat glauces- 

 cent, ascending at base; leaves of sterile branches ascending to 

 suberect, incurved at tip, subulate, 2-3 mm. long, 0.5-1 mm. 

 wide, acuminate, entire, convex on back, concave inside, not 

 keeled; spikes solitary on the branchlets, yellowish, cylindric, 

 erect, sessile; branchlets 1-2 cm. long; bracts deltoid-orbicular, 



cuspidate, erose to undulate on margin. Sunny slopes 



among mosses and lichens in alpine regions; Hokkaido, Hon- 

 shu (centr. and n. distr.), Kyushu (Yakushima); rather rare. 



Kuriles. The typical variety occurs in Kamchatka, the 



Aleutians, and N. America. 



16. Lycopodium alpinum L. Chishima-hikage-no-ka- 

 zura. Stems long-creeping, loosely leafy; branches erect 

 from an ascending base, forked below and becoming flabellate 

 or bushlike, 4-10 cm. long, the branchlets slightly flattened, 

 2.5-3.5 mm. wide; leaves rather densely disposed in 4 rows, 

 lanceolate-subulate, acutish with a short hyaline tip, the lateral 

 ones more or less flattened, strongly incurved on margin, as- 

 cending, the dorsal leaves shorter, convex on back, appressed, 

 the ventral ones trowel-shaped or subulate; spikes 1-2 cm. long, 

 few on each branch, nearly equal in height, sessile; bracts as- 

 cending, narrowly deltoid-ovate, hyaline and subentire on 



margin, acutish. Alpine slopes; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. 



mountains) ; rare. Sakhalin, Kuriles, Kamchatka to Siberia 



and Europe and N. America. 



17. Lycopodium complanatum L. L. complanatum 



var. anceps Asch. Asuhi-kazura. Stems elongate and 



long-creeping, loosely leafy; branches ascending, 10-30 cm. 

 long, usually flabellately ramulose; branchlets much flattened, 

 green, 2-grooved above, 3-4 mm. wide; leaves of sterile 

 branches rather loosely disposed in 4 rows, small, long-decur- 

 rent and adnate to the axis, spinelike at tip, the lateral ones 

 flattened, the free part 1-1.5 mm. long, ascending to suberect, 

 the dorsal leaves subulate, appressed, adnate most of the length 

 on inner side to the axis, convex on back, the ventral leaves al- 

 most wholly adnate, reduced to a minute appressed subulate 

 tip; peduncles erect, 8-13 cm. long, the leaves loose, linear, as- 



