Pteridaceae 



43 



parted, with a large terminal pinna, the rachis yellow-brown, 

 3-angled, lustrous, smooth; lateral pinnae 3-7 pairs, narrowly 

 deltoid, 5-10 cm. long, sessile or subsessile, pinnatiparted or 

 unlobed on anterior side, the acutely toothed rip 1-3 cm. long, 

 the terminal pinna triangular-lanceolate, 10-20 cm. long, 3-5 

 cm. wide, regularly pinnariparted with a linear acutely toothed 

 tip, the costas on each side above with a sparsely scabrous ele- 

 vated white line; pinnules linear- to oblong-lanceolate, 1-3 cm. 

 long, 4-5 mm. wide, obtuse to acute, slightly falcate. Hon- 

 shu (s. Kanto Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. 



Ryukyus and Formosa. 



8. Pteris quadriaurita Retz. P. biaurita var. quadriau- 



rita (Retz.) Luerss. Hachijo-shida. Rhizomes short, 



with deep brown, linear, lustrous scales about 12 mm. long; 

 stipes 30-70 cm. long, tufted, stramineous, often brownish on 

 lower surface, usually dark brown toward the base, smooth or 

 with scattered linear scales at base, 3-6 mm. across, 2-grooved 

 on upper side, rounded on underside; blades broadly ovate to 

 oblong-ovate, 25-60 cm. long, 20-35 cm. wide, bipinnatiparted; 

 lowest pinnae usually with 1 or 2 branches on posterior side 

 near base; veinlets reaching the margin of sterile part of blade; 

 pinnae 3-8 pairs, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, linear-lanceolate 

 to broadly lanceolate, 12-30 cm. long, 2-A cm. wide, caudate, 

 regularly pinnatiparted; costas and sometimes the costules on 

 upper side with a prominent subulate spine at base of the seg- 

 ment or of the veins; sterile pinnules narrowly oblong, 5-7 

 mm. wide, obtuse to rounded, entire, usually slightly falcate, 



3-5 mm. wide in the fertile pinnules. Honshu (s. Kanto 



Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryukyus, Formosa, 



China, and generally in the Tropics and subtropics. Sometimes 

 segregated as microspecies are: P. \iuschiuensis Hieron.; P. 

 oshimensis Hieron.; P. jauriei Hieron.; P. hachijoensis Nakai; 

 and P. natiensis Tagawa, probably all synonymous with P. 

 quadriaurita. 



9. Pteris inaequalis Bak. var. inaequalis. P. longipin- 

 ntila Wall, forma inaequalis (Bak.) Makino; P. inaequalis var. 



simplicior Tagawa Oba-no-Amakusa-shida. Rhizomes 



stout, short, ascending, with brown, membranous, linear scales 

 1-1.3 cm. long; stipes stramineous, 20-50 cm. long, 3-6 mm. 

 across near die dark purplish brown base, sulcate on the upper 

 side, glabrous; blades oblong-ovate, 30-70 cm. long, 15-30 cm. 

 wide, bipinnatiparted, the rachis stramineous, smooth; pinnae 

 3-7 pairs, more or less falcate, with a linear elongate tip 7-15 

 cm. long, pinnariparted on the posterior side, unlobed or re- 

 motely lobed on the anterior side, opaque, the terminal pinna 

 distinct, narrowly elongate, 15-30 cm. long, 8-15 cm. wide, 

 regularly pinnatiparted; costas with a spine at the base of the 



pinnules; pinnules lanceolate, 2-8 cm. long, 8-13 mm. wide, 

 sometimes linear-lanceolate or oblong, 2-8 cm. long, 8-13 mm. 

 wide, acute to obtuse, toothed on the sterile margins; veinlets 



free, indistinct, not reaching the margin. Honshu (s. Kanto 



Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. China. 



Var. aequata (Miq.) Tagawa. P. semipinnata var. aequata 



Miq.; P. longipinnula sensu auct. Japon., non Wall. Oba- 



no-Hachij6-shida. Usually larger, often 1 m. high or more; 

 stipes stouter, to 1 cm. across at base; pinnae pinnatiparted on 

 both sides, the lowest sometimes with a sessile branch on pos- 

 terior side near base, the pinnules 6-10 mm. wide, usually 



acute. More common than the typical phase; Honshu (Ugo 



Prov. and Kanto Distr. westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea 



and Formosa. 



10. Pteris nakasimae Tagawa. P. mcclurei var. na\a- 

 simae Tagawa Hinotani-shida. Rhizomes short-creep- 

 ing, densely scaly; stipes 35-40 cm. long, purple-brown to 

 purplish, lustrous, very sparingly scabrous; blades thinly herba- 

 ceous, ovate-oblong, 50-60 cm. long, 20-30 cm. wide, bipinnati- 

 parted, glabrous, the rachis purple-brown or purplish, lustrous, 

 sparsely scabrous; pinnae 5-7 pairs, spreading, lanceolate, 15- 

 20 cm. long, 3-6 cm. wide, acuminate, slightiy oblique, short- 

 cuneate at base, sessile, the lowest pinna 2-parted; costas with a 

 soft spine on upper side at base of the pinnule; pinnules 2-A 

 cm. long, about 7 mm. wide, obtuse or rounded, the sterile 

 portion incurved-toothed; lowest veinlets anastomose, forming 



elongate areoles along the costas of the pinnules. Kyushu 



(Satsuma Prov.) ; rare. 



11. Pteris wallichiana Agardh. P. wallichiana var. 



magna (Christ) Tagawa; P. tripartita var. magna Christ 



Nachi-shida. Fronds large, deciduous; stipes stout, nearly 2 

 cm. across, yellow- or purple-brown, lustrous, trisulcate on up- 

 per side when dried, rounded on back, smooth, with brown 

 membranous scales at base; blades large, 5-angled, often more 

 than 1 m. long and nearly as wide, with pinnatifid pinnae, 

 the rachis yellow-brown, smooth, sulcate on upper side, 

 the terminal pinna longest, 50-90 cm. long, 25-40 cm. wide; 

 pinnules many, herbaceous, linear-lanceolate, 15-25 cm. 

 long, 2.5-4 cm. wide, acuminate, sessile, regularly pinnati- 

 parted; costas with a soft spine at base of the pinnules; pin- 

 nules spreading, 1-2.5 cm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, acute to obtuse, 

 the sterile portion toothed; veinlets ending short of the mar- 

 gin, the lowest ones anastomosing and forming areoles along 



the costas of the pinnules. Honshu (Awa, Izu and Mikawa 



Prov. to s. Kinki Distr.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryukyus and 



Formosa. 



10. CONIOGRAMME Fee Iwagane-so Zoku 



Terrestrial; rhizomes creeping, scaly, dictyostelic; fronds large, herbaceous, pinnate to tripinnate, with enrire or finely toothed 

 divisions, mostly glabrous; veins free, or somerimes anastomosing, without included veinlets, ending in hydathodes; sori elongate 

 along the veins except near the margin; indusia absent. About 20 species, in Africa, Polynesia to Japan, I in Mexico. 



1 A. Veins free \. C. fraxinea var. intermedia 



1 B. Veins anastomosing 2. C. japonica 



1. Coniogramme fraxinea (Don) Diels var. intermedia 



(Hieron.) C. Chr. C. intermedia Hieron.; C. fraxinea sensu 

 auct. Japon., non Diels; Gymnogramme javanica sensu auct. 

 Japon., non Bl.; C. fraxinea var. serrutata Nakai, non Hieron. 



Iwagane-zenmai. Rhizomes creeping, about 5 mm. 



across, with membranous brown lanceolate entire acuminate 



scales 3-4 mm. long; fronds 70-130 cm. long; sripes 30-60 cm. 

 long, glabrous, thinly scaly at base, sulcate on upper part, 

 rounded and often purplish on lower side; blades ovate, 40-70 

 cm. long, 25-30 cm. wide, simply pinnate; pinnae 5-8 on each 

 side, chartaceous or thinly herbaceous, oblong- to linear-lance- 

 olate, 12-20 cm. long, 2-4.5 cm. wide, abrupdy contracted with 



