ASPIDIACEAE 51 



13A. Rachis with colored articulate hairs 12. Ctcnilis 



13B. Rachis glabrous or the hairs unicellular. 



14A. Base of stipe inflated, with numerous elongate scales; fronds with spreading hairs and sometimes with minute 



capitate glands; calcareous rocks 5. Hypodcmaliiim 



143. Base of stipe not inflated. 



15A. Blades and stipes with straight, spreading, translucent, hispid hairs 13. Lastrea 



15B. Blades and stipes without straight hispid hairs. 



16A. Blades anadromous, i.e., the lowest pinnules always on the acroscopic (anterior) side 8. Arachniodes 



16B. Blades catadromous, i.e., the lowest pinnules always on the basiscopic (posterior) side 11. Dryopteris 



1 OB. Indusia peltate 6. Potystichum 



5B. Veins anastomosing. 



17 A. Sori numerous, orbicular to linear; indusia usually present. 



18 A. Indusia peltate; fronds glabrous, coriaceous, simply pinnate 7. Cyrtomium 



18B. Indusia reniform to linear, not peltate. 



19A. Sori orbicular, rarely elongate; indusia not as below; fronds usually hispid 15. Cyclosorus 



19B. Sori linear; indusia bursting longitudinally along the back of sorus; fronds glabrous 19. Diplaziopsis 



17B. Sori diffuse on veins and veinlets; indusia absent; fronds hairy; blades pinnately lobed to parted 16. Dictyocline 



1. MATTEUCCIA Todaro Kusa-sotetsu Zoku 



Terrestrial; rhizomes stout, ascending to erect, dictyostelic, scaly; fronds crowded, dimorphic; blades of sterile fronds 

 herbaceous to chartaceous-membranous, pinnate, the pinnae pinnatifid, the veins free; blades of fertile fronds smaller, on a 

 longer stipe, less divided; sori nearly terminal on die veinlets, longitudinally contiguous in a single or double row on the 

 pinnae, enveloped by the revolute margin and by a thin scalelike indusium, the receptacle somewhat raised; paraphyses absent. 

 Few species, Europe, Himalayas, e. Asia, and e. N. America. 



lA. Pinnae 8-20 pairs, the lower ones scarcely reduced; blades of sterile fronds ovate-elliptic to broadly deltoid-lanceolate, the pinnae 

 pinnately lobed; fertile pinnae broadly linear, not torulose \. M. orientalis 



IB. Pinnae 30-50 pairs, the lower ones gradually reduced; blades of sterile fronds broadly oblanceolate, the pinnae pinnatiparted; fertile 

 pinnae narrowly linear, slightly torulose 2. M. struthiopteris 



1. Matteuccia orientalis (Hook.) Trevir. Struthiopteris 2. Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro. Osmunda 



orientalis Hook.; Onoclea orientalis (Hook.) Hook.; Penta- struthiopteris L.; Onoclea struthiopteris (L.) Hoffm.; Stru- 



rhizidium orientale (Hook.) Hayata; Pteretis orientalis thiopteris germanica Willd. Kusa-sotetsu. Rhizomes 



(Hook.) Ching; Pentarhizidium japonicum Hayata; M. ja- short, erect, covered with the basal stubs of old stipes; sterile 



ponica (Hayata) C. Chr.; Pteretis japonica (Hayata) Ching fronds tufted; stipes 10-20 cm. long, 3-angled, pale green, 



Inu-gansoku. Rhizomes stout; fronds deciduous, scaly toward the base, the scales brown, membranous, lanceo- 



crowded, the sterile longer than the fertile; stipes of sterile late, 1-1.5 cm. long, entire, often somewhat blackish striolate; 



fronds 20-60 cm. long, prominently scaly, straw-colored, the blades of sterile fronds thinly herbaceous, broadly oblanceolate, 



scales membranous, pale brown, linear-lanceolate to narrowly 40-80 cm. long, 15-30 cm. wide, abrupdy short-acuminate, 



ovate, 7-20 mm. long, 1.5^ mm. wide, long-acuminate, lus- gradually narrowed at base, vivid green; pinnae 30-50 pairs, 



trous, entire; blades ovate-elliptic to broadly lanceolate-deltoid, broadly linear, 12-20 mm. wide, long-acuminate, sessile, closely 



30-50 cm. long, 20-30 cm. wide, pinnate, abrupdy short-acumi- pinnatiparted; segments oblong to narrowly ovate, 2.5-5 mm. 



nate, the rachis scaly; pinnae 8-20 pairs, narrowly lanceolate, wide, obliquely spreading, obtuse to acute, crenulate, the low- 



10-15 cm. long, 1.5-4 (-5) cm. wide, nearly truncate at base, est pair sometimes slighdy deflexed and stipulelike, the veins 



sessile, closely pinnatilobed, glabrous on both sides or brown simple; fertile fronds 30-60 cm. long, erect, the stipes shorter 



paleate along the costa beneadi; segments ovate, 4-7 mm. wide, than the blades, broadly sulcate on the upper side; pinnae nar- 



obtuse to acute, obliquely spreading, toothed, the veins simple; rovvly linear, 4-6 cm. long, slightly torulose. Mountains; 



fertile fronds 30-70 cm. long, the stipes terete, usually longer Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; locally abundant. s. 



than the 1-sided blade, the pinnae close, ascending, dark Kuriles, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Korea, China, Manchuria, Si- 

 brown, broadly linear, 5-10 cm. long, 5-6 mm. wide, sessile. beria to Europe. 



Sept.-Nov. Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. s. 



Kuriles, Korea, China to the Himalayas. 



2. ONOCLEA L. Koya-warabi Zoku 



Terrestrial, widi creeping dictyostelic rhizomes; fronds deciduous, dimorphic, the sterile pinnate with a mosdy winged rachis; 

 pinnae sinuate to lobed, thinly herbaceous, glabrous; veins freely anastomosing; fertile fronds bipinnate; pinnules sessile, in- 

 terrupted, lobed, strongly involute and forming globular berrylike divisions; sorus solitary in each lobe, enclosed also by an 

 interior indusium, the receptacle prominent, paraphyses absent. A single widely distributed species. 



1. Onoclea sensibilis L. var. interrupta Maxim. O. stipes 20-50 cm. long, straw-colored, brownish toward base, 



sensibilis aucL Asiat. non L. Koya-warabi. Glabrous lustrous; sterile fronds broadly ovate-deltoid, 15-30 cm. long 



fern, scantily paleate on young stipes and rhizomes with thinly and nearly as wide, simply pinnate, contracted at up to a short 



membranous, fugacious, ovate, acute scales 2-3 mm. long; rhi- subacute point, the rachis prominendy winged except near 



zomes elongate, creeping, 4-5 mm. across, remotely leaved; base, the pinnae 5-10 pairs, lanceolate, 10-20 cm. long, 1.5-3 



