22 



Equisetaceae; Lycopodiaceae 



1. Equisetum arvense L. Sugina. Sterile stems 20- 

 80 cm. long, erect or decumbent at base, green, 3-4 mm. across, 

 the internodes nearly smooth or with minute scabrid tubercles, 

 6- to I5-grooved, the central cavity less than half the diameter 

 of the stem; primary sheaths 3-6 mm. long, green, the teeth as 

 many as the grooves, subulate, acuminate, brown throughout; 

 branches spreading, simple, verticillate, (3-)4-grooved, the 

 sheaths pale green, 3- or 4-toothed, the teeth subulate-triangu- 

 lar, acuminate, black-tinged at the tip; fertile stems 10-30 cm. 

 long, smooth, terete, simple, flesh-colored to pale brown, the 

 sheaths 10-25 mm. long, loose, pale green to brownish, 6- to 12- 



toothed; spikes 2-4 cm. long, pedunculate. Fruiting Mar.- 



June. Sunny banks and waste grounds in lowlands to moun- 

 tains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; very common. 

 Circumboreal. 



2. Equisetum pratense Ehrh. Yachi-sugina. Sterile 

 stems 20-60 cm. long, green, 2-3 mm. across, 8- to 20-grooved, 

 the internodes minutely spiny on the ridges; primary sheaths 

 3-8 mm. long, pale green, the teeth subulate-deltoid, pale 

 brown, scarious, with a darker colored midrib and white mar- 

 gins; branches horizontally spreading, simple, verticillate, the 

 sheaths pale, with 3 or 4 short, deltoid, acute teeth; fertile stems 

 10-25 cm. long, simple or with short branches at maturity of 

 the spike, the sheaths 5-10 mm. long, pale yellow-green, with 

 10-20 lanceolate white-scarious teeth, the midrib brown; spikes 



1.5-4 cm. long, pedunculate. Hokkaido (n. and e. distr.); 



rare. Sakhalin, n. Kuriles, Korea, Siberia to Europe, and 



N. America. 



3. Equisetum sylvaticum L. Fusa-sugina. Sterile 

 stems 30-70 cm. long, erect, 2-4 mm. across, green, rather soft, 

 10- to 18-grooved, the ridges with 2 rows of minute spinules, 

 the central cavity about half the diameter of the stem; sheaths 

 green at base, the teeth irregularly connate into 3-6 subacute 

 lobes, rufous-brown; branches slender, verticillate, drooping 

 above, loosely spinulose on the angles, ramulose, 3- or 4- 

 grooved, the sheaths with 3 or 4 long, spreading, subulate- 

 linear teeth; fertile stems with short branches; spikes 1-2 cm. 



long, pedunculate. Reported to occur in Hokkaido (Shiri- 



beshi Prov.). Sakhalin, n. Kuriles, n. Korea, Siberia to 



Europe, and N. America. 



4. Equisetum palustre L. Inu-sugina. Stems 20-50 

 cm. long, 1.5-3 mm. across, green, usually branched, densely 

 tuberculate, 4- to 10-grooved, the central cavity small; sheaths 

 5-12 mm. long, loose, usually green, the teeth 10 or fewer, acu- 

 minate, broadly lanceolate, blackish, the margins narrowly 

 scarious; branches ascending, simple, 4- or 5-grooved, the 

 sheaths with lanceolate-deltoid appressed brown-tipped acu- 

 minate teeth; spikes 1-3 cm. long, pedunculate. Fruiting 



May-June. Boggy places; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyu- 

 shu; more common northward. Sakhalin, Kuriles, Korea, 



Formosa, China, Siberia to Europe, and N. America. 



5. Equisetum fluviatile L. E. limosum L.; E. heleo- 



charis Ehrh. ^Mizu-sugina, Mizu-dokusa. Stems 50-100 



cm. long, erect, 3-10 mm. across, green, simple or with irregu- 

 lar whorls of branches in the middle, smooth, slenderly 10- to 

 30-grooved, the central cavity 4/5 the diameter of the stem; 

 sheaths 5-12 mm. long, green, tight, the teeth 15-20, small, 

 subulate-lanceolate, acuminate, blackish, scarcely or narrowly 

 scarious on margin; branches ascending, slender, simple, 5- 

 angled, the sheaths green, the teeth 4 or 5, subulate, green, as- 

 cending and acuminate; spikes 1-2 cm. long, pedunculate or 



subsessile. Fruiting May-July. Boggy places; Hokkaido, 



Honshu (centr. and n. distr.). s. Kuriles, Sakhalin, Korea, 



Siberia to Europe, and N. America. 



6. Equisetum hyemale L. Tokusa. Stems 20-75 

 cm. long, erect, firm, simple, evergreen, 3-8 mm. across, shal- 

 lowly 14- to 26-grooved, scaberulous, the ridges with 2 rows of 

 tubercles, the central cavity about 2/3 the diameter of the stem; 

 sheaths 5.5-14 mm. long, tight, a litde longer than broad (3-8 

 mm. wide), with a black band below the middle and a black 

 border, the teeth 14-26, the apical portion 3-6 mm. long, mem- 

 branous, dark brown, caducous, the basal portion persistent on 



the sheath; spikes 6-13 mm. long, sessile. Fruiting Aug.- 



Dec. Sandy shaded places in valleys and ravines; Hokkaido, 



Honshu (n. and centr. distr.). Sakhalin, Kuriles, Korea, 



Himalayas, Siberia to Europe, and N. America. 



7. Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. E. ripense Nakai & 

 F. Maekawa. Inu-dokusa. Stems 40-120 cm. long, usu- 

 ally evergreen, minutely tuberculate, gray-green, 8- to 24- 

 grooved, branched at base or near the middle, the central cavity 

 about half the diameter of the stem; sheaths 5.5-21 mm. long, 

 rather loose, pale green, much longer than broad (2.5-8.5 mm. 

 wide), the teeth membranous, 8-24, dark brown with white 

 margins, linear, 3-5 mm. long, caducous, the basal portion 

 persistent on the sheath; branches 6- to 10-grooved; spikes 8- 

 17 mm. long, sessile or nearly so. Fruiting May-Sept. Hon- 

 shu, Shikoku, Kyushu; rather common. Eurasia and Africa. 



8. Equisetum variegatum Schleich. Chishima-hime- 

 DOKUSA. Stems slender, ascending, branched at base, simple 

 above, 3- to 12-grooved, the central cavity about 1/3 the diame- 

 ter of the stem or much reduced or absent in small stems; 

 sheaths green with a black border, the teeth 4-10, lanceolate to 

 lanceolate-deltoid, persistent; spikes 5-10 mm. long. Hok- 

 kaido; rare. Sakhalin, Kuriles to N. America, and Europe. 



9. Equisetum scirpoides Michx. Hime-dokusa. Stems 

 5-28 cm. long, tufted, simple or slightly branched at base, 

 green, decumbent or ascending, slender, firm, wiry, 0.5-1 mm. 

 thick, solid, slightly flexuous, 6-ribbed, tuberculate on the ribs; 

 sheaths short, rather loose, green at base, black upwardly, the 

 teeth pale brown, ovate, broadly scarious on margin, with an 

 awnlike excurrent midrib; spikes 2-3 mm. long, sessile or 



short-pedunculate. Along valleys in mountains; Hokkaido; 



rare. Sakhalin, Siberia to Europe, and N. America. 



Fam. 3. LYCOPODIACEAE Hikage-no-kazura Ka Clubmoss Family 



Herbs with small simple 1-nerved evergreen leaves spirally arranged or 4-ranked; sporangia solitary in the axils of the leaves 

 or in terminal spikes in the axils of modified leaves (bracts), 2-valved, homosporous, the spores globose, granular, usually 



with 3 lines radiating from the apex. Two genera, Phylloglossum, a monotypic genus of Australia and New Zealand, and 



the following. 



