General Key to Families 19 



220A. Stamens many, more than twice as many as the corolla lobes; trees or shrubs Fam. 164. Symplocaceae, 725 



220B. Stamens twice as many as the corolla-lobes or fewer. 

 221 A. Stamens free or nearly free from the corolla. 



222A. Woody plants; stamens twice as many as the corolla-lobes. 



223 A. Filaments free to the base; anthers dehiscing by apical pores Fam. 159. Ericaceae, 693 



223B. Filaments united at base; anthers longitudinally dehiscent Fam. 165. Styracaceae, 727 



222B. Herbs or shrubs. 



224A. Stigma indusiate; shrubs (in ours), without milky juice Fam. 193. Goodcniaceae, 854 



224B. Stigma not indusiate; herbs (in ours), with milky juice Fam. 192. Campanulaceae, 848 



22 IB. Stamens epipetalous. 



225A. Fertile stamens 1-4, fewer than the corolla-lobes. 



226A. Terrestrial herbs; flowers small, many, in corymbs or cymes; ovary wholly inferior. 



227A. Flowers without involucres Fam. 189. Valerianaceae, 843 



227B. Flowers involucrate Fam. 190. Dipsacaceae, 845 



226B. Aquatic herbs; flowers solitary in axils of leaves; ovary semi-inferior Fam. 178. Pedaliaceae, 810 



225B. Fertile stamens as many or twice as many as the corolla-lobes. 

 228A. Leaves alternate. 



229A. Plants woody; ovary inferior Fam. 72. Olacaceae (Schoepjia) 395 



229B. Plants herbaceous; ovary superior Fam. 168. Gentianaceae, 735 



228B. Leaves opposite or verticillate. 



230A. Leaves simple or pinnately compound; fertile stamens as many as the corolla-lobes. 



231A. Stipules present, intcrpetiolar or intrapetiolar, becoming leaflike (Galium); flowers actinomorphic. 



Fam. 186. Rubiaceae, 820 



231B. Stipules minute or absent; flowers zygomorphic or actinomorphic Fam. 187. Caprifoliaceae, 833 



230B. Leaves ternately compound; fertile stamens twice as many as the corolla-lobes. . . . Fam. 188. Adoxaceac, 843 

 219B. Anthers united. 



232A. Flowers variously arranged, not in involucrate heads; fruit a capsule Fam. 192. Campanulaceae, 848 



232B. Flowers in involucrate" heads; fruit a cypselate achene, usually with a scaly, hairy, or plumose pappus. 



Fam. 194. Compositae, 855 



