Introduction 



siophyllum, Chionographis, Nandina, Hosiaea, S\immia, 

 Stauntonia, Hovenia, Liriope, Ophiopogon, Shibataea, Heteros- 

 milax, and Phaenospertna. Genera such as Buxus, Camellia, 

 Broussonetia, Aulacolepis are distributed even more widely 

 over parts of southeastern Asia and India. While many of the 

 species in the warm-temperate parts of Japan are endemic, very 

 few of the genera are confined to this region. Alectorurus and 

 Neofinetia are believed to be the only genera endemic of the 

 warm-temperate region of Japan. 



In the warm-temperate region, endemism at the species level 

 is perhaps best developed in the Fuji Volcanic Range and the 

 Fossa Magna region. These areas, especially the Fuji Volcanic 

 Range, as explained by Dr. F. Maekawa, were subject to a long 

 period of volcanic activity during the Tertiary when they be- 

 came pioneer areas for the development of new taxa. Campa- 

 nula punctata var. microdonta, Carex hachijoensis. Rhododen- 

 dron tsusiophyllum, and Astilbe simplicijolia are examples of 

 endemic taxa found there. 



Endemic Plants of the Fuji Volcanic 

 Range with Their Vicarious Ancestors in the 

 Mainland (Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu) 



Calamagrostis autumnalis 

 Campanula punctata var. 



microdonta 

 Carex doenitzii var. okuboi 

 Carex oshimensis 

 Hydrangea macrophylla var. 



normalis 

 Lilium auratum var. 



platyphyllum 

 Meliosma hachijoensis 



Polygonum cuspidatum var. 



terminate 

 Prunus lannesiana var. speciosa 

 Rhododendron tsusiophyllum 

 Saxifraga fortunei var. 



crassifolia 

 Styrax japonica var. 



jippei-kawam urae 

 Weigela coraeensis var. 



jragrans 



TEMPERATE REGION 



The temperate region begins at about 1,000-1,500 m. above 

 sea level in Kyushu and southern Shikoku, thence gradually 

 decreasing in altitude northeastward to the low mountains of 

 the Kanto District. The temperate region descends to sea level 

 at about 38° N. latitude and continues northward along the 

 coastal areas to the southwestern part of Hokkaido, including 

 the southern province of Tokachi. The intermediate forest zone 

 between the warm-temperate and temperate regions are usually 

 dominated by Quercus acutissima, Q. serrata, Castanea crenata, 

 and Pinus densiflora. In the temperate region Cryptomeria 

 japonica, Chamaecyparis obtusa, and C. pisifera are widely cul- 

 tivated, but the larger bamboos are no longer very evident. 

 Plants common in the temperate region are: 



Deciduous Trees 



Acer japonicum 

 Acer mono 

 Acer palmatum 

 Aesctdus turbinata 

 Alnus hirsuta 

 Betula grossa 

 Betula maximowicziana 

 Betula schmidtii 

 Carpinus cordata 

 Carpinus japonica 

 Fagus crenata 

 Fagus japonica 

 Fraxinus mandschurica v 

 japonica 



Fraxinus sieboldiana 

 Hamamelis japonica 

 Kalopanax septemlobus 

 Magnolia obovata 

 Prunus sargentii 

 Prunus verecunda 

 Quercus mongolica 

 Sorbus alnijolia 

 Sorbus commixta 

 Sorbus japonica 

 Styrax shiraiana 

 Tilia japonica 

 Ulmus laciniata 

 Viburnum furcatum 



Abies flrma 

 Abies homolepis 

 Larix lep/olepis 

 Pinus k^oraiensis 

 Pinus pentaphylla 

 Pseudotsuga japonica 



Conifers 



Sciadopitys verticillata 

 Taxus cuspidata 

 Thuja standishii 

 Thujopsis dolabrata 

 Tsuga diversijolia 

 Tsuga sieboldii 



Broad-leaved Evergreen Shrubs 

 Aucuba japonica Ilex leucoclada 



Daphniphyllum humile Ilex sugero^i 



Euonymus jortunei Sh}mmia japoni 



Deciduous Shrubs 

 Hydrangea maa-ophylla var. Lonicera spp. 



Sorbus gracilis 



Ilex serrata 

 Kerria japonica 

 Lespedeza spp. 



Actinidia polygama 

 Akebia quinata 

 Al{ebia trifoliata 

 Hydrangea petiolaris 



Spiraea japonica 

 Tripetaleia paniculata 

 Vaccinium spp. 



Deciduous Lianas 



Rhus ambigua 



Schizophragma hydrangeoides 

 Tripterygium regelii 

 Vitis coignetiae 



Herbaceous Plants 

 Cacalia spp. Melampyrum laxum 



Chrysosplenium spp. Plectranthus trichocarpus 



Circaea spp. Saussurea spp. 



Cirsium spp. Trillium spp. 



Gentiana scabra var. buergeri 



Viola spp. 



Endemic Genera Found in the Temperate Region 



Anemonopsis (Ranunculaceae) 

 Deinanthe (Saxifragaceae) 

 Glaucidium (Ranunculaceae) 

 Hakpnechloa (Gramineae) 

 Kirengeshoma (Saxifragaceae) 



Peltoboyk.inia (Saxifragaceae) 

 Ranzania (Berberidaceae) 

 Sciadopitys (Coniferae) 

 Thujopsis (Coniferae) 

 Tripetaleia (Ericaceae) 



Elements of the Warm-temperate Region Found in the 

 Littoral Zone of the Temperate Region 

 Calystegia soldanella Imperata cylindrica 



Carex \obomugi Ixeris repens 



Carex pumila Zoysia macrostachya 



Plants Found in the Temperate Region 

 More Widespread Farther South 

 Arabis stelleri Messerschmidia sibirica 



Lathyrus maritimus Rosa rugosa 



Linaria japonica Thermopsis lupinoides 



Plants Commonly Found in Rocky Places Along the Coast 

 Chrysanthemum yezoense Sedum \amtschaticum 



Lysimachia mauritiana 



Dominant Components of the Coastal Forests 

 Pinus thunbergii Quercus dentata 



Marsh Plants of Coastal Areas 



Aster tripolium 

 Carex rugulosa 

 Carex scabrifolia 



Aldrovanda vesiculosa 



Brasenia purpurea 



Myriophyllum spicatum 



Najas marina 



Najas minor 



Nuphar subintegerrimum 



Fimbristylis subbispicata 

 Triglochin maritimum 



Aquatic Plants 



Potamogeton spp. 

 Ranunctdus nipponicus 

 Sparganium spp. 

 Utricularia spp. 

 Vallisneria asiatica 



