ASPIDIACEAE 



65 



scales on rachis 5-6 mm. long, narrowly linear-lanceolate, long- 

 acuminate, spreading, rather dense; blades chartaceous-herba- 

 ceous, ovate, 40-50 (-80) cm. long, 30-^0 cm. wide, 3-pin- 

 natiparted; pinnae 5-8 pairs, linear-oblong, 6-10 cm. wide, 

 long-acuminate, the petiolules 5-10 mm. long, the lowest pin- 

 nae largest, nearly deltoid, the petiolules 2-3 cm. long; pinnules 

 linear-oblong, obtuse to acute, cuneate at base, pinnatiparted, 

 lowest posterior pinnules largest, 8-10 cm. long, the costas be- 

 neath with narrow, linear-lanceolate scales; ultimate pinnules 

 obliquely spreading, oblong-linear, rounded to subtruncate at 

 apex, serrulate; sori in 1-3 pairs near base of the segments; 



indusia erose. Kyushu (Yakushima) ; rare. Formosa 



and n. India. 



3. Dryopteris austriaca (Jacq.) Woynar. Polypodium 

 austriactim Jacq.; P. dilatatum Hoffm.: Polystichum dilatatum 

 (Hoffm.) Schumach.; Aspidium dilatatum (Hoffm.) Smith; 

 D. dilatata (Hoffm.) A. Gray; A. spinulosum Sw.; D. siranen- 

 sis Nakai; A. spinulosum var. dilatatum (Hoffm.) Hook.; D. 

 spintilosa (Sw.) Watt; D. spinulosa var. dilatata (Hoffm.) Un- 

 derw.; A. spinulosum var. deltoideum Milde and var. ohlon- 

 gum Milde; D. dilatata var. deltoidea (Milde) Takeda and var. 



oblonga (Milde) Takeda Shirane-warabi. Rhizomes 



short-creeping, densely scaly; fronds few, deciduous; stipes 

 20-40 cm. long, pale green to straw-colored, densely scaly 

 toward base; scales membranous, ovate to broadly lanceolate, 

 8-15 mm. long, acuminate, cordate, brown, with a broad 

 lustrous chestnut-brown band in the center of those im- 

 mediately above the base of stipe; blades herbaceous, broadly 

 ovate to oblong-ovate, 30-60 cm. long, 25-35 cm. wide, short- 

 acuminate, 3-pinnatiparted or sometimes nearly 3-pinnate, the 

 rachis especially in axils above with linear to broadly linear 

 membranous scales; pinnae 6-11 pairs, spreading, acuminate, 

 short-petiolulate, subdeltoid, the posterior side much broader 

 than the anterior; pinnules oblong-ovate to broadly lanceolate, 

 1.5-4 cm. long, 8-20 mm. wide, acute to obtuse, pinnatiparted, 

 toothed, the lowest pinnule of the lowest pinnae largest, often 

 again pinnate, 8-13 cm. long, acuminate; sori on upper half 

 of the lower veinlets; indusia orbicular-reniform, entire, about 



1 mm. across. Coniferous woods in mountains; Hokkaido, 



Honshu (n. and centr. distr.), Shikoku (high mts.), Kyushu 



(high mts.). Korea, Manchuria to the Himalayas, Sakhalin, 



Kuriles, Kamchatka, Siberia to Europe, and N. America. 



4. Dryopteris amurensis Christ. Aspidium spinulosum 



subsp. genuinum var. amurense Milde Okuyama-shida. 



Rhizomes short-creeping; stipes 20-50 cm. long, straw-colored, 

 often dark brown toward base, thinly scaly on lower half; 

 scales on stipes and rhizomes pale brown, concolorous, thinly 

 membranous, ovate to broadly so, 3-7 mm. long, acute to 

 abrupdy acuminate; blades membranous, deltoid, more or less 

 5-angled, 15-20 cm. long, 15-22 cm. wide, 3-pinnate or -pin- 

 natiparted, the rachis and secondary axes thinly scaly; pinnae 

 5-8 pairs, narrowly deltoid, acuminate, distinctly petiolulate, 

 much broader on the posterior than on the anterior side; 

 pinnules oblong-ovate to narrowly oblong, 7-20 mm. long, 

 4-10 mm. wide, pinnatiparted, obtuse or acute, sofdy awn- 

 toothed, glabrous above, with small ovate scales on veins be- 

 neath; sori on upper half of lower veinlets; indusia subreni- 



form, entire, about 0.8 mm. across. Coniferous woods; 



Hokkaido, Honshu (n. distr. and n. Kanto Distr.); rare. 



Sakhalin and Amur. 



5. Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott. Polypodium fra- 

 grans L.; Aspidium fragrans (L.) Sw.; Nephrodium fragrans 



(L.) J. Rich.; D. fragrans var. rcmotiuscula Komar. and var. 



lepidota Komar. Nioi-shida. Rhizomes short, densely 



covered with brownish marcescent fronds; fronds small, uni- 

 formly capitate-glandular; stipes crowded, many, short, 2-8 

 cm. long, spreading to ascending, straw-colored, brownish to- 

 ward base; scales membranous, brown, rather many, ovate to 

 broadly so, 3-7 mm. long, short-acuminate, minutely toothed; 

 blades broadly lanceolate to broadly oblanceolate, 8-20 cm. 

 long, 2.5-4 cm. wide, gradually acute to acuminate at both 

 ends, 2- or 3-pinnatiparted, nearly scaleless above, with lanceo- 

 late scales on costas beneath; pinnae firmly herbaceous, hori- 

 zontally spreading, lanceolate, 4-8 mm. wide, obtuse, sessile; 

 pinnules elliptic to oblong, 1.5-2 mm. wide, crenately or 

 obtusely toothed; indusia large, brown, lustrous, persistent, 

 very close and overlapping, orbicular-reniform, 1-1.5 mm. 



across, convex, the margins incurved. Rocks in mountains; 



Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. and n. distr.) ; rare. Sakhalin, 



Kuriles, Kamchatka, Korea, Manchuria, Siberia to Europe, and 

 N. America. 



6. Dryopteris polylepis (Fr. & Sav.) C. Chr. Aspidium 

 polylepis Fr. & Sav.; Nephrodium polylepis (Fr. & Sav.) Bak.; 



N. filix-mas var. polylepis (Fr. & Sav.) Makino Miyama- 



kuma-warabi, Miyama-inode. Rhizomes stout, short; fronds 

 deciduous; stipes short, rather stout, 15-20 cm. long, tufted, 

 sulcate above, densely scaly; scales on stipes of 3 forms, the 

 largest spreading, black-brown or black, lustrous, thinly 

 chartaceous, ovate to lanceolate, 5-10 mm. long, acuminate, 

 finely ciliate, the smallest 1-3 mm. long, finely laciniate, the 

 basal scales and those on rhizomes membranous, dense, lanceo- 

 late, 1-2 cm. long, gradually acuminate, entire; blades 

 oblanceolate, 40-65 cm. long, 15-20 cm. wide, short-acuminate, 

 gradually narrowed at base, bipinnatiparted, the scales of rachis 

 broadly lanceolate, black-brown, ciliate; pinnae many, hori- 

 zontally spreading or the lower (smaller) ones slightly de- 

 flexed, linear lanceolate, 1-2 cm. wide, acuminate, sessile, gla- 

 brous above, with appressed long-ciliate small scales on costas 

 and costules beneath; pinnules many, subfalcate, linear-oblong 

 to lanceolate, 1.5-3 mm. wide, obtuse, crenate; sori on upper 

 1/3 of frond, subterminal on the veinlets, submarginal; indusia 



orbicular-reniform, about 0.5 mm. across, entire. Woods in 



mountains; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



7. Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai. Aspidium filix- 

 mas sensu auct. Japon., non Schott; D. filix-mas var. setosa 

 Christ; D. crassirhizoma var. setosa (Christ) Miyabe & Kudo; 



D. setosa (Christ) Kudo O-shida. Rhizomes short, 



stout; fronds deciduous; stipes stout, membranous, crowded, 

 densely scaly, 10-25 cm. long, straw-colored; scales on stipes, 

 rhizomes, and rachis narrowly lanceolate to linear, die lower 

 I0-30(-45) mm. long, those of the rachis 5-15 mm. long, 

 gradually narrowed at the tip, spreading to deflexed, rather 

 unequal, brown, lustrous; blades oblanceolate to broadly so, 

 40-100 cm. long, 15-25 cm. wide, short-acuminate, narrowed at 

 base, bipinnatiparted, with hairlike scales; pinnae many, her- 

 baceous, spreading, linear-lanceolate, 15-30 mm. wide, acumi- 

 nate, sessile, the costas beneath with small appressed ciliate 

 brownish scales; pinnules narrowly oblong, 2.5-5 mm. wide, 

 rounded to very obtuse, crenate; sori on upper half of blade 

 bet\veen the costule and margin, disposed in 2 series on lower 

 half of the pinnules on lower half of the forked veinlets; in- 

 dusia orbicular-reniform, about 1.2 mm. across. Wooded 



slopes; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku; locally common. 



Sakhalin, s. Kuriles, Korea, and Manchuria. 



