66 



ASPIDIACEAE 



8. Dryopteris wallichiana (Spreng.) Hylander As- 

 pidium wallichianum Spreng.; D. paleacea sensu auct. 

 Japon., non C. Chr.; D. doiana Tagawa; D. cyrtolepis var. 



doiana (Tagawa) H. Ito O-yaguruma-shida. Rhizomes 



erect, stout, to 20 cm. long; fronds large; stipes 30-40 cm. long, 

 about 1.5 cm. across near base, brown, densely scaly; scales 

 chartaceous, lanceolate to linear, 1-2 cm. long, 1-3 mm. wide, 

 gradually long-attenuate, entire or sparsely and minutely 

 toothed, lustrous, dark brown with darker striations; blades 

 lanceolate, 1-2 m. long, 30-40 cm. wide, acuminate, gradually 

 narrowed at base, bipinnatiparted; rachis straw-colored, with 

 dense, linear scales; pinnae subcoriaceous, linear-lanceolate, 2-3 

 cm. wide, caudately long-acuminate, sessile, horizontally 

 spreading, the costa with filiform scales above, with linear to 

 broadly linear scales beneath; pinnules narrowly oblong, 6-8 

 mm. wide, rounded to subtruncate at apex, cartilaginous- 

 toothed; sori median, or slightly nearer the costules than the 

 margin of the segments; indusia orbicular-reniform, about I 



mm. across, entire, glabrous. Kyushu (Sakurajima) ; rare. 



^Formosa and China to the Himalayas. 



9. Dryopteris uniformis (Makino) Makino. Nephrod- 

 ium lacerum var. unijorme Makino; D. lacera var. subtripartita 



Miyabe & Kudo; D. dentipalea Nakai O-kuma-warabi. 



Rhizomes stout, short, erect; fronds evergreen; stipes 15-30 

 cm. long, stout, densely scaly; scales black-brown, linear to 

 lanceolate, 1-2 cm. long, spinulose on margin or nearly entire, 

 lustrous, spreading to deflexed, unequal, the larger ones some- 

 times paler on upper half, the basal ones often brown and 

 entire; blades herbaceous, broadly lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 

 40-60 cm. long, 15-22 cm. wide, acuminate, not or scarcely 

 narrowed at the truncate base, bipinnatiparted to somewhat 

 bipinnate, the scales on rachis linear to linear-lanceolate, 

 spreading to deflexed, spinulose; pinnae rather numerous, 

 spreading, lanceolate, the sterile broadly so, 2-3.5 cm. wide, 

 often linear-lanceolate, the fertile about 1 cm. wide, with 

 small appressed scales beneath especially on costas, glabrous 

 above; pinnules oblong to broadly oblong-lanceolate, 4-7 

 mm. wide, rounded to obtuse, the lowest pinnule of the lower 

 pinnae often much contracted and subsessile at base, the 

 veinlets forked or simple; sori covering !4-/4 of blade; indusia 



orbicular-reniform, entire, 0.7-1 mm. across. Woods in 



mountains; Hokkaido (Okushiri Isl.), Honshu, Shikoku, Kyu- 

 shu. s. Korea and China. 



Dryopteris X kominatoensis Tagawa. Tani-hego-modoki. 

 An alleged hybrid of D. to\yoensis and D. uniformis. Differs 

 from D. uniformis in the brown, thinner scales with entire 



paler thinly membranous margins. Honshu (centr. and n. 



distr.). 



10. Dryopteris lacera (Thunb.) O. Kuntze. Polypod- 

 ium lacerum Thunb.; Aspidium lacerum (Thunb.) Sw.; 

 Nephrodium lacerum (Thunb.) Bak.; A. filix-mas var. lacerum 



(Thunb.) Christ Kuma-warabi. Rhizomes stout, short, 



erect; fronds evergreen; stipes short, tufted, 7-25 cm. long, 

 pale brown, prominently scaly; scales rusty- to dark-brown, 

 membranous, spreading, lustrous, linear-lanceolate to narrowly 

 ovate, subentire, the basal scales broadly ovate, 6-15 mm. long, 

 dense; blades thickly herbaceous to subcoriaceous, oblong to 

 narrowly so, 30-60 cm. long, 15-25 cm. wide, short-acuminate, 

 bipinnatiparted to somewhat bipinnate, the rachis with linear 

 to lanceolate scales; sterile pinnae pinnate at base, pinnati- 

 parted at tip, oblong-lanceolate, 3-5 cm. wide, acuminate, short- 

 petiolulate, oblique, whitish beneath, nearly glabrous on both 

 sides; sterile pinnules broadly lanceolate, 2-3 cm. long, 5-8 



mm. wide, acute to subacuminate, more or less falcate, cre- 

 nately toothed, mucro of the teeth incurved; fertile pinnules 

 much smaller than the sterile pinnules; sori on the upper 

 1/4-1/3 of the frond, the fertile area deciduous apart from the 

 sterile portion in winter; indusia orbicular-reniform, about 1.2 



mm. across, entire. Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea 



and Manchuria. 



11. Dryopteris monticola (Makino) C. Chr. Nephrod- 

 ium monticola Makino; Aspidium monticola (Makino) Christ; 

 A. filix-mas var. deorsolobatum Christ; N. erythrosorum var. 



manshuricum Komar.; D. submonticola Nakai ^Miyama- 



BENi-sHiDA. Rhizomes stout, short-creeping; fronds decidu- 

 ous; stipes 20-50 cm. long, straw-colored, lustrous, densely 

 scaly toward base; scales broadly linear to narrowly oblong, 1-2 

 cm. long, deep brown, spreading, lustrous, entire; blades ob- 

 long-ovate to oblong, 40-80 cm. long, 20-30 cm. wide, bipin- 

 natiparted to bipinnatisected, abrupdy short-acuminate, pale 

 green and somewhat whitish beneath, the rachis with linear, 

 thinly membranous, pale brown scales; pinnae 12-20 pairs, her- 

 baceous, linear-lanceolate, 2-4 cm. wide, acuminate, very short- 

 petiolulate, glabrous on both sides or the costas beneath with 

 linear to lanceolate-deltoid, pale brown scales; pinnules oblong- 

 lanceolate, 1-2 cm. long, 4-6 mm. wide, acute to obtuse, adnate 

 at base, the lowermost ones contracted and sessile, coarsely cre- 

 nate, softly awn-tipped; sori in 2 series on the upper 1/2-2/3 

 of frond, slightly nearer the costules than the margin; indusia 



orbicular-reniform, 1-1.2 mm. across. ^Woods in mountains; 



Hokkaido, Honshu (Kinki Distr. and eastw.), Shikoku. 



Korea and s. Manchuria. 



12. Dryopteris tokyoensis (Makino) C. Chr. Nephrod- 

 ium to\yoense Makino; Aspidium transitorium Christ 



Tani-hego. Rhizomes short, erect; fronds deciduous; stipes 

 crowded, stout, pale straw-colored, 15-30 cm. long, densely 

 scaly near base; scales membranous, lanceolate to elliptic, 1-1.5 

 cm. long, abruptly acuminate, lustrous, pale brown, often 

 slightly darker toward base, entire, deciduous; blades oblanceo- 

 late, 70-90 cm. long, 17-25 cm. wide, gradually narrowed at 

 both ends, the rachis with small, thin, linear to lanceolate 

 scales; pinnae 30-40 pairs, pinnately lobed, spreading, slightly 

 dilated at base, the median broadly linear to linear-lanceolate, 

 1.5-2 (-2.5) cm. wide, acuminate, rounded-cordate, very short- 

 petiolulate, slightly paler beneath, glabratee on both sides; pin- 

 nules elliptic, 5-7 mm. long, 4-6 mm. wide, to 12 mm. long 

 and 10 mm. wide in the lowermost, rounded at apex, acutely 

 toothed at tip, the lower pinnae much-reduced, pinnately lobed, 

 deltoid-ovate, obtuse, 2-7 cm. long, 15-40 mm. wide; sori 

 usually in 2 series, remote to rather close, nearer the costas 

 than the margin; indusia orbicular-reniform, 1.2-1.5 mm. 

 across, entire. Woods; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyu- 

 shu. Korea. 



13. Dryopteris dickinsii (Fr. & Sav.) C. Chr. Aspid- 

 ium dickinsii Fr. & Sav.; Nephrodium dic\insii (Fr. & Sav.) 

 Bak.; D. o\ushirensis Miyabe & Kudo; D. hirtipes var. japon- 



ica Nakai O-kujaku-shida. Rhizomes ascending to erect; 



stipes 10-25 cm. long, rather slender, straw-colored, moderately 

 scaly; scales membranous, linear to narrowly oblong, 4-10 mm. 

 long, abruptly acuminate, obsoletely toothed, sometimes with a 

 dark brown band in the center; blades thick-chartaceous, lance- 

 olate or oblanceolate, 40-70 cm. long, 12-20 cm. wide, acumi- 

 nate, slighriy narrowed at base, the rachis with narrow, spread- 

 ing, ciliate scales; pinnae 20-30 pairs, the median linear-lanceo- 

 late to broadly linear, 1-2 cm. wide, acuminate, truncate or very 

 broadly cuneate at base, horizontally spreading, sessile or very 



