78 



ASPIDIACEAE 



thinly membranous, ovate-lanceolate, 5-10 cm. long, 2-3 cm. 

 wide, acuminate, short-petiolulate; pinnules obliquely ovate, 

 5-10 mm. long, 3-6 mm. vi'ide, obtuse, obliquely cuneate at 

 base, very short-petiolulate, pinna tely parted, obtusely toothed; 

 veinlets ending in the sinus between the teeth; sori round; 



indusia orbicular to elliptic, thinly membranous, white. 



Coniferous woods in high mountains; Honshu (Shinano and 



Suruga Prov.) ; rare. n. Korea to Siberia and n. Europe. 



3. Cystopteris japonica Luerss. Acystopteris japonica 



(Luerss.) Nakai ^Usu-hime-wakabi. Rhizomes creeping, 



3-4 mm. across, scaly, the fronds close to remote; fronds 

 deciduous; stipes 20-40 cm. long, rather slender, lustrous, 

 2-3 mm. across, rather densely scaly and with minute scurf- 

 like hairs; scales spreading, ovate to broadly lanceolate, 1-3.5 

 mm. long, acute, rounded at base, with oblong to elliptic cells; 

 blades thinly herbaceous, deltoid-ovate, 30-50 cm. long, 25-40 

 cm. wide, acuminate, 3-pinnate, the rachises with jointed 

 curved hairs; pinnae usually opposite, obliquely to nearly hori- 

 zontally spreading, broadly lanceolate, 2.5-6 cm. wide, acumi- 

 nate, nearly sessile, the lowest pinnae narrowly deltoid-ovate, 

 4-10 cm. wide; pinnules narrowly oblong-ovate, 1.5-4 cm. 

 long, 7-15 mm. wide, obtuse to acute, sessile, horizontally 

 spreading, pinnatifid to pinnate, sparsely pubescent; ultimate 



pinnules oblong, obtuse to rounded, obtusely toothed to 

 lobulate; veinlets reaching the margin; sori near the base of 



the sinus; indusia minute, ovate-orbicular to ovate. Woods 



in mountains; Honshu (Iwashiro Prov. and westw.), Shikoku, 



Kyushu. Formosa (var.). 



4. Cystopteris tenuisecta (Bl.) Mett. Aspidium tenui- 

 sectum Bl.; Athyrium tenuisectum (Bl.) Moore; Acystopteris 

 tenuisecta (Bl.) Tagawa; Lastrea setosa Bedd.; C. setosa 

 (Bedd.) Bedd.; C. jormosana Hayata; Acystopteris formosana 



(Hayata) Tagawa Horai-hime-warabi. Resembles the 



preceding in habit; rhizomes short-creeping to ascending; 

 stipes 20-40 cm. long, with scattered scales; scales thinly 

 membranous, spreading, broadly lanceolate, 2-3 mm. long, 

 short-acuminate, dull; blades thinly herbaceous, ovate- to 

 deltoid-lanceolate, to 40 cm. long and 30 cm. wide, acuminate, 

 3-pinnate, the rachises straw-colored, short-pubescent, also with 

 a few hairlike scales; pinnae usually opposite, horizontally 

 spreading, lanceolate, the lowest to 17 cm. long, 6 cm. wide, 

 acuminate, sessile; pinnules lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 

 acute, sessile, pinna tely parted to pinnate; ultimate pinnules 

 oblong, obtuse, obtusely toothed to lobed, short-pubescent on 



both sides. Kyushu (Yakushima). Formosa, China to 



India, and Malaysia. 



18. ATHYRIUM Roth Inu-warabi Zoku 



Rhizomes erect and short, or creeping and elongate, the scales membranous to somewhat firm, pale brown to nearly black, 

 sometimes spinulose; blades membranous to coriaceous, usually pinnately compound, rarely simple; veins and veinlets mostly 

 free, rarely anastomose; sori dorsal, elongate, rarely short and roundish along the veinlets; indusia elongate and straight on 

 one side (asplenioid), curved across the veinlets (athyrioid), or interrupted at the distal end and equally disposed on both 

 sides of the veinlets (diplazioid), rarely rudimentary or absent. Nearly cosmopolitan, with about 600 species. 



lA. Indusia absent or fugacious, soon concealed under the sorus. 



2A. Ultimate pinnules awn-toothed; blades deltoid; indusia minute, reniform 22. A. spimilosum 



2B. Ultimate pinnules crenate to acute-toothed. 



3A. Rhizomes short, not obviously creeping; fronds tufted; blades bright green; indusia usually absent 23. A. alpestre 



3B. Rhizomes creeping, elongate; fronds not tufted, remote, toward end of the rhizomes; blades glaucous to deep green. 

 4A. Indusia absent. 



5A. Sori linear to oblong, elongate \. A. decurrentialatum 



5B. Sori round to elliptic, short. 



6A. Sori elliptic 2. A. hahfinense 



6B. Sori round. 



7A. Stipe brownish; pinnae green, glabrous to pubescent beneath; sori submarginal 3. A. crenulatoserrulatum 



7B. Stipe yellowish green; pinnae more or less whitish beneath; sori subcostal ^. A. fluviale 



4B. Indusia present, reniform to broadly lanceolate. 



8A. Pinnae simply lobed or 2- or 3-pinnatiparted; rachises at least above the middle and rachillas prominently winged. 



9A. Pinnae pinnatiparted to nearly bipinnate, the pinnules crenate-toothed; blades thinly membranous 5. A. viridifrons 



9B. Pinnae pinnatilobed to pinnatiparted, the pinnules oblong, very obtuse to rounded, crenate-toothed; blades thinly charta- 



ceous-membranous 6. A. unifurcatum 



8B. Pinnae 3- or 4-pinnatiparted; rachises not winged 7. A. atkinsonii 



1 B. Indusia persistent. 



lOA. Blades simple, pinnatiparted, or with 3-7 simple pinnae. 

 II A. Blades pinnate, pinnae 3-7. 



12A. Pinnae uniformly awn-toothed; scales small, entire i. A. pinfaense 



12B. Pinnae obsoletely toothed only toward apex; scales spinulose 9. A. aphanoneuron 



IIB. Blades simple and entire, or pinnatiparted. 



I3A. Blades subcoriaceous to thick -herbaceous, glabrous on upper surface \Q. A. dubium 



I3B. Blades herbaceous, with few fleshy bristlelike hairs on upper surface 17. A. grammitoides 



lOB. Blades with more than II pinnae. 



1 4A. Pinnae simple, toothed to lobulate, strongly oblique at the base. 

 ISA. Indusia reniform to orbicular. 



16A. Scales at base of stipe ovate-triangular to broadly lanceolate, 2-3 mm. long; pinnae obtuse to rounded II, A. nakjinoi 



I6B. Scales at base of stipe linear-lanceolate, gradually acuminate; pinnae acuminate. 



17A. Pinnae deflexed, except the upper ones 26. A. reflexipinnum 



I7B. Pinnae not deflexed, except sometimes the lowest ones. 



