ASPIDIACEAE 



oblique, very short-petiolulate; pinnules several pairs, oblong to 

 elliptic or ovate to narrowly so, 5-8 mm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, 

 oblique, usually slightly adnate to rachis at base, crenate or 

 mucronate-toothed, often lobulate, with scattered fleshy decidu- 

 ous brisdes on upper side; sori 3-10, costular; indusia broadly 

 lanceolate to oblong, straight, 1-1.5 mm. long, often athyrioid 



and rarely also diplazioid, brownish, erose-denticulate. 



Mountains; Kyushu (Yakushima); rare. Formosa. 



22. Athyrium spinulosum (Maxim.) Milde. Cysto- 

 pteris spinulosa Maxim.; Asplenium spinulosum (Maxim.) 

 Bale. MiYAMA-iNU-wARABi. Rhizomes slender, creeping, re- 

 motely leaved; stipes straw-colored, 40-50 cm. long, sparsely 

 scaly, usually longer than the blades; scales membranous, 6-10 

 mm. long, 1-4 mm. wide, pale brown, entire; blades deltoid, 

 20-30 cm. long, slightly wider than long, abruptly acuminate, 

 glabrous, 3-pinnate, the rachis glabrous but puberulent on up- 

 per side at insertion of the pinnae; pinnae 5-6 pairs, acumi- 

 nate, the lowest ones largest, narrowly ovate, 7-12 cm. wide, 

 short-petiolulate, with a pair of much-reduced pinnules above 

 the base, the upper pinnae rather abruptly reduced; pinnules 

 oblong-ovate, 7-10 mm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, obtuse, sessile, 

 pinnatiparted, with few, rather prominent, spine-tipped teeth 

 on upper margin; sori rounded, about 1 mm. across, sub- 

 costular; indusia thinly membranous, minute, whitish, sparsely 



fimbriate. Coniferous woods in mountains; Honshu (centr. 



distr.); rare. Sakhalin, Korea, Manchuria, China to e. Si- 

 beria, and the Himalayas. 



23. Athyrium alpestre (Hoppe) Rylands. Aspidium 

 dpestre Hoppe; Pseudathyrium alpestre (Hoppe) Newm.; 



Phegopteris alpestris (Hoppe) Mett. Okuyama-waeabi. 



Rhizomes short, rather stout; fronds erect, tufted, 50-70 cm. 

 long, glabrous, sparsely scaly while very young; stipes 20-30 

 cm. long, pale green to slightly reddish, more densely scaly 

 toward base; scales membranous, brown, unequal, linear to 

 broadly lanceolate, 7-12 (-15) mm. long, 1-4 mm. wide, en- 

 tire; blades herbaceous, oblong or narrowly oblong-ovate, 

 sometimes narrowly ovate, 30-40 cm. long, 12-18 cm. wide, 

 short-acuminate, slightly narrowed at base, bipinnate, the 

 rachis and pinnae beneath scaly while young; pinnae 8-10 

 pairs, the lower ones somewhat interrupted and subopposite, 

 broadly lanceolate, 6-10 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, acumi- 

 nate, sessile, ascending to spreading; pinnules narrowly ovate, 

 1-2 cm. long, 5-8 mm. wide, acute, usually broadly cuneate 

 at base, sessile, pinnately cleft to parted, the segments elliptic, 

 obmse, mucronate-toothed; sori solitary on the lower veinlets 



of the pinnules. Alpine slopes; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. 



distr.); locally abundant. Kamchatka, Siberia to Europe, 



and N. America. 



24. Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth var. longipes 

 Hara. A. brevijrons Nakai; A. melanolepis sensu auct. pro 

 parte, non Christ; A. filix-femina var. melanolepis sensu auct. 



pro parte, non Makino Ezo-me-shida. Rhizomes short; 



fronds tufted; stipes 25-40 cm. long, suberect, as long as to 

 slightly shorter than the blades, sparsely scaly in upper part, 

 rather densely so toward the base, straw-colored; scales linear- 

 lanceolate to narrowly oblong-ovate, 10-12 mm. long, 1-5 mm. 

 wide, fuscous, with a lighter brown entire margin, lustrous; 

 blades herbaceous, oblong-ovate to ovate, 30-60 cm. long, 

 15-30 cm. wide, short-acuminate, bipinnate, glabrous, the 

 rachis very thinly scaly while young; pinnae 10-15 pairs, lan- 

 ceolate, 10-15 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, long-acuminate, sessile, 

 the lower ones shorter, subopposite; pinnules spreading. 



equilateral, broadly lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 8-15 (-20) 

 mm. long, 3-7 mm. wide, obtuse to short-acuminate, toothed, 

 often slightly adnate to the rachis, pinnately lobed to cleft; 

 sori 8-16 to a pinnule, subcostal; indusia oblong, straight to 



curved, athyrioid, 0.7-1 mm. long, erose, long-ciliate. 



Mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu. s. Kuriles and Sakhalin. 



The typical phase and many variants occur in the N. Hemi- 

 sphere. 



25. Athyrium melanolepis (Fr. & Sav.) Christ. As- 

 plenium melanolepis Fr. & Sav.; Athyrium filix-femina var. 

 melanolepis (Fr. & Sav.) Makino; A. filix-femina var. nigro- 



pdeaceum Makino; A. nigropaleaceum (Makino) Makino 



Me-shida, Miyama-me-shida. Closely related to the preced- 

 ing; rhizomes short and thick; fronds tufted; stipes straw- 

 colored, 20-30 cm. long, scaly, more densely so near the base; 

 scales lanceolate, 8-12 mm. long, often crispate, nearly black 

 to somewhat fuscous, entire, lustrous; blades herbaceous, ob- 

 long-ovate, 30-50 cm. long, 15-30 cm. wide, abruptly acumi- 

 nate, contracted at base, thinly scaly beneath while young, 

 glabrescent; pinnae 12-15 pairs, lanceolate, 2-4 cm. wide, long- 

 acuminate, equilateral, sessile, the lower 1 or 2 pairs shorter; 

 pinnules rather numerous, broadly lanceolate to narrowly 

 ovate, 4-8 mm. wide, acute, often slightly adnate to the rachis, 

 sessile, nearly equilateral, toothed and lobulate to parted; sori 

 6-16 to a pinnule, subcostal; indusia thin, oblong, straight or 



athyrioid, about 0.7 mm. long, erose, sparsely long-ciliate. 



Mountains; Honshu (n. and centr. distr.) ; locally common. 



26. Athyrium reflexipinnum Hayata. Sakaba-inu-wa- 

 rabi. Rhizomes ascending, short, densely covered with the 

 stubs of old stipes; fronds slender, glabrous, tufted; stipes few, 

 slender, straw-colored, 5-12 cm. long, sparsely scaly toward the 

 base; scales membranous, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 3-4 

 mm. long, 0.3-0.7 mm. wide, entire, pale brown, deciduous; 

 blades thinly herbaceous to membranous, broadly lanceolate 

 or sometimes lanceolate-deltoid, 10-15 cm. long, 3-4.5 cm. 

 wide, caudately acuminate, somewhat narrowed toward the 

 base, green, paler beneath, the rachis slender; pinnae 8-11 

 pairs, sessile, more or less reflexed except the upper ones, nar- 

 rowly deltoid-ovate to broadly lanceolate, 2-2.5 cm. long, 7-9 

 mm. wide, acute to subacute, acutely toothed, truncate on 

 upper side at base, cuneate on lower side, pinnately parted to 

 cleft; pinnules elliptic to oblong, larger on upper (anterior) 

 side of pinnae; sori one to few on each pinnule, costal and 

 costular; indusia ovate and straight or athyrioid, erose-dentate, 



about 0.5 mm. across. Mountains; Kyushu (Yakushima); 



rare. Formosa. 



27. Athyrium rupestre Kodama. Miyama-hebi-no-ne- 

 GOZA. Closely resembles A. yo\oscense var. fauriei; rhi- 

 zomes erect, covered with the stubs of old stipes; fronds tufted; 

 stipes 3-15 cm. long, straw-colored in upper part, brownish 

 and densely scaly near base; scales linear to broadly lanceolate, 

 about 1 cm. long, 1.5-3 mm. wide; blades herbaceous, broadly 

 lanceolate, 15-25 cm. long, 5-9 cm. wide, acuminate, nar- 

 rowed at the base; pinnae 10-15 pairs, lanceolate, acute to 

 acuminate, sessile, pinnately lobed to parted; pinnules oblong, 

 obtuse to acute, toothed; sori median, with paraphyses among 

 the sporangia; indusia oblong, straight, sometimes athyrioid, 



erose-ciliate. Rocky clifls in mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu 



(n. distr.); rare. s. Kuriles. 



28. Athyrium yokoscense (Fr. & Sav.) Christ. Asple- 

 nium yokpscense Fr. & Sav.; Athyrium demissum Christ, pro 

 parte; A. flaccidum Christ; A. yokoscense var. dilatatum Ta- 



