90 



Blechnaceae 



lA. Blades monomorphic, about 1 m. long; veins simple to once forked, closely parallel 1. B. orientale 



IB. Blades dimorphic, not over 40 cm. long; veins nearly alvirays once forked. 



2A. Fertile fronds barely taller than the sterile; stipes and rachis pale green to pale brown; sterile pinnae without a raised costa be- 

 neath; veins ascending. 



3A. Basal scales ovate, membranous; sterile blades 2-4 cm. wide 2. B. amabile 



3B. Basal scales linear, chartaceous; sterile blades 5-8 (-10) cm. wide 3. B. niponicum 



2B. Fertile fronds much taller than the sterile, the pinnae abrupdy dilated and decurrent on the rachis; stipes and underside of rachis 

 chestnut-brown; sterile pinnae with slighdy raised costa beneath; veins obliquely spreading 4. B. castaneum 



1. Blechnum orientale L. Asplenium orientale (L.) niponica Kunze; Lomaria spicanta var. japonica Hook.; B. 



Bernh.; Blechnopsis orientalis (L.) PresI Hiryu-shida. japanense Moore; Struthiopteris niponica (Fiunzs) J^akai; Spi- 



Evergreen, uniformly clothed with rusty-brown crispate canta niponica (Kunze) Hayata; Spicantopsis niponica 



woollike scales while very young; rhizomes stout, erect, (Kunze) Nakai; Spicantopsis niponica var. minima Tagawa 



densely scaly; stipes 30-50 cm. long inclusive of the lower Shishigashira. Rhizomes short, rather stout, erect, 



part of rachis, deeply sulcata on upper side, stout, reddish densely scaly; fronds dimorphic, evergreen, glabrous; stipes 

 brown, scaly at base, with several remote pairs of much- of the sterile fronds short, 1-5 cm. long, scaly, sulcata on 

 reduced pinnae 2-3 mm. long; scales at base of stipes and on upper side, the scales at base chartaceous, linear, 1-1.5 cm. 

 rhizomes slightly lustrous, linear, 1-1.5 cm. long, about 1 long, about 1 mm. wide, lustrous, dark brown with a narrow 

 mm. wide, long-attenuate, minutely toothed at tip; blades pale margin, entire; sterile blades oblanceolate to oblong- 

 monomorphic, chartaceous-coriaceous, linear-lanceolate to Ian- oblanceolate, 20-30 cm. long, (3.5-) 5-8 (-10) cm. wide, pecti- 

 ceolate, about 1 m. long, 30-40 cm. wide, simply pinnate, nate, abruptly contracted at the tip to a linear subacute tail 

 glabrate; pinnules obliquely spreading, linear to broadly so, 1-2 cm. long, gradually narrowed at base, with scattered 

 15-25 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. wide, gradually long caudate- brown membranous linear-lanceolate scales while young; 

 acuminate, entire, glabrous, sessile, rounded at base on the pinnae nearly horizontally spreading, broadly linear, 3-7 mm. 

 anterior side, subcordate to rounded at base and decurrent wide, obtuse to subobtuse, entire, the lower ones often some- 

 on the rachis on posterior side, the costa raised beneath, sulcata what deflexed and slightly broader on anterior side, the lower- 

 and raised on upper side; veins simple or onca forked near most ones auriclelike, 3-10 mm. long, as wide or wider at 

 base, parallel; sori in longimdinal rows on the pinnae close base, the lower fertile pinnae distant, linear, 1.5-3 cm. long, 

 to the costas; indusia entire, continuous, about 0.7 mm. wide. 2-3 mm. wide, obtuse, not or slightly contracted at base, the 

 Kyushu (Yakushima) ; rare. Ryukyus, Formosa, China, lowest few pairs sterile, 1-3 mm. long, distant and much- 

 Himalayas, Australia, and Polynesia, reduced. Woods in mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shi- 



2. Blechnum amabile Makino. B. crenulatum Makino; koku, Kyushu. 



Spicantopsis amabilis (Makino) Nakai; Lomaria amabilis (Ma- 4. Blechnum castaneum Makino. Struthiopteris castan- 



kino) Ching; Struthiopteris amabilis (Makino) Ching Osa- ea (Makino) Nakai ^Miyama-shishigashira. Rhizomes 



SHIDA. Rhizomes creeping; fronds dimorphic, evergreen, short-creeping to suberect, densely clothed with the stubs of 



glabrous; stipes of the sterile fronds 2-10 cm. long, the old stipes; fronds dimorphic; stipes of sterile fronds 3-10 cm. 



fertile 5-12 cm. long, straw-colored, often somewhat reddish, long, puncticulate, the scales rather sparse, brown, broadly 



sparsely scaly in upper part, densely so toward base, shallowly linear, 3-8 mm. long, entire; blades lanceolate, 15-35 cm. 



sulcata on upper side; scales membranous, broadly ovate, 2-7 long, 3.5-6 cm. wide, narrowed at both ends, obtuse at the 



mm. long, abruptly acuminate, spreading, entire, brown; sterile tip, pinna tely divided nearly to the rachis, glabrous, the rachis 



blades lanceolate, 12-30 cm. long, 2-4(-5) cm. wide, acute, deeply sulcate on upper side, puncticulate on both sides; 



with a short tail 7-20 mm. long at the tip, narrowed at the pinnae spreading, linear-oblong, 4-7 mm. wide, rounded with 



base, simply pinnate, the rachis pale green to pale brownish; an obtuse mucro at the tip, subentire, the costa more or less 



pinnae herbaceous-coriaceous, nearly horizontally spreading, distinct beneath, the lower pinnae semirounded, 3-6 mm. long, 



broadly linear, 2.5-5 mm. wide, subacute, decurrent on the 5-8 mm. wide; veins mosdy once-forked, scarcely visible; fertile 



rachis, entire, pale green beneath, the lowest pinnae reduced, fronds much longer than the sterile, the blades with few 



deltoid to ovate-deltoid, 2-5 mm. long, 4-6 mm. wide, more nearly obsolete distant sterile pinnae at base; fertile pinnae 



or less deflexed, obtuse, sterile, interrupted; fertile pinnae 8-15 linear, 15-30 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide, obliquely spreading, 



mm. long, 2-5-3.5 mm. wide, subapiculate. ^Woods in low spaced out, abruptly dilated and decurrent on the rachis. 



mountains; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Woods in mountains; Honshu (centr. and n. distr.). 



3. Blechnum niponicum (Kunze) Makino. Lomaria 



2. WOODWARDIA J. E. Smith Komochi-shida Zoku 



Rather large, terrestrial ferns; rhizomes ascending to erect, short, densely scaly; fronds all alike, mosdy bipinnatifid, entire 

 or minutely toothed; veinlets anastomosing, forming costal and costular areolae; sori opposite the costal or costular areolae, often 



deeply impressed; indusia opening along the costule. About 12 species, in the warmer parts of Asia and Europe, also in N. 



America. 



lA. Rhizomes rather slender, creeping, with remote stipes; blades usually deltoid in outline; sori linear, straight, unequal, 2-15 mm. long, 

 along the costas and the rachis; lowest pinnae 10-20 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide 1. W. harlandii var. talked 



IB. Rhizomes stout and short, with close stipes; blades ovate to oblong-ovate in outline, bipinnatiparted; sori oblong to short-linear, straight 

 to slightly curved, 2-7 mm. long, along the costule of the pinnules and on upper part of costas of the pinnae. 



