Blechnaceae; Aspleniaceae 



91 



2A. Stipes usually with prominent brown scales; pinnately lobed to cleft, 2-4.5 cm. wide; sori straight 2. W. japonica 



2B. Stipes soon becoming naked, the scales at the base persistent; pinnae pinnately cleft to parted, 4-10 cm. wide, at least in the lower 

 ones; sori slightly curved outward in upper part. 



3A. Blades with a large densely scaly gemma in axils of upper pinnae 3. W. unigemmata 



3B. Blades without gemmae in axils of pinnae, though sometimes with numerous adventitious plantlets on the upper side. 



4. W. orientalis 



1. Woodvvardia harlandii Hook. var. takeoi (Hayata) 



Masam. W. \empii Copel.; W. ta\eoi Hayata Hosoba- 



OKAGUMA. Rhizomes slender, creeping, with remote stipes, 

 with narrowly ovate, membranous scales about 3 mm. long; 

 stipes rather slender, 15-35 cm. long, pale brown to straw- 

 colored, naked except for a few scales toward the base; fertile 

 blades usually deltoid in outline, 10-17 cm. long, 8-15 cm. 

 wide, short-acuminate, pinnate, without a distinct terminal 

 pinna, naked on both sides, the rachis broadly winged; pinnae 

 5-7 pairs, opposite, obliquely spreading, lanceolate, 7-15 mm. 

 wide, broadly adnate at base, acuminate to very acute, 

 minutely toothed, with a rounded to very obtuse lobe 5-7 mm. 

 wide at the base, the lowest pinnae 5-10 cm. long, 2-5 cm. 

 wide, pinnately parted on the posterior side or sometimes on 

 both sides, the pinnules narrowly lanceolate, to 5 cm. long, 

 4-8 mm. wide; sterile blades similar to the fertile, the stipes 

 usually shorter, the pinnae wider and less prominently parted; 

 sori rusty-brown, linear, straight, unequal, 2-15 mm. long, 

 along the costas and rachis, those along the costules of the 



pinnules 1-6 mm. long. Kyushu (Yakushima). Ryu- 



kyus, Formosa, and s. China. The typical variety occurs in the 

 Ryukyus, Formosa, s. China to Indochina. 



2. Woodwardia japonica (L. f.) J. E. Smith. Blech- 

 num japonicum L. f.; W. radicarts var. japonica (L. f.) Luerss.; 



W. intermedia Christ Okaguma. Rhizomes stout, short; 



stipes stout, straw-colored or somewhat rubescent, 30-50 cm. 

 long, prominendy scaly; scales on upper portion of stipes 

 deep-brown, membranous, deltoid-lanceolate to broadly linear, 

 defle.xed, or those on lower portion of stipes ascending, acumi- 

 nate, 7-15 mm. long, the scales at base of stipes broadly linear, 

 15-20 mm. long; blades oblong-ovate, 40-80 cm. long, 20-35 

 cm. wide, somewhat contracted toward the tip, the terminal 

 segment deltoid-ovate to broadly lanceolate, acuminate; pin- 

 nae 10-15 pairs, obliquely spreading, lanceolate to linear- 

 lanceolate, 15-22 cm. long, 2-4.5 cm. wide, long-acuminate, 

 minutely toothed, pinnately lobed to cleft, the pinnules oblong- 

 ovate, 7-25 mm. long, 6-12 mm. wide, acute or subobtuse, 

 obliquely spreading, sessile, with a rounded lobe on the pos- 

 terior side at base, cuneate on the anterior side; sori 3-5 mm. 

 long, along the costules of the pinnules, to 7 mm. long on the 



upper part of costas of the pinnae. Honshu (Kii Prov. and 



Chugoku Distr.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea (Quelpaert 



Isl.), Formosa, China, and Indochina. 



3. Woodwardia unigemmata (Makino) Nakai. W. 

 radicans var. unigemmata Makino; W. radicans sensu auct. 



Asiat., non Smith Hai-komochi-shida. Rhizomes 



stout; stipes stout, 30-50 cm. long, glabrate except at base, 

 straw-colored to pale brown, the basal scales membranous, 

 linear to linear-lanceolate, 2-3 cm. long, acuminate, entire; 

 blades broadly ovate-lanceolate, 30-100 cm. long, 20-50 cm. 

 wide, obtuse to acuminate, bipinnaticleft to parted, with 

 large densely scaly gemmae in axils of upper pinnae, the rachis 

 sparsely clothed while very young with small deciduous 

 scales; pinnae equilateral, alternate, thinly coriaceous, ovate- 

 lanceolate or deltoid-lanceolate, 20-30 cm. long, 5-9 cm. wide, 

 caudate-acuminate, abruptly cuneate at base, subsessile, with 

 or without an auricle on posterior side; pinnules obliquely 

 spreading, ovate-deltoid to deltoid-lanceolate, 1.5-3(-5) cm. 

 long, 6-10 mm. wide, acute or sometimes acuminate, minutely 

 spine-toothed; sori along the costules of the pinnules, oblan- 



ceolate to linear-oblanceolate, 2-3 mm. long. Honshu (Izu 



Prov.), Kyushu (Higo Prov.). Formosa, Philippines, 



China, se. Asia, to the Himalayas. 



4. Woodwardia orientalis Sw. Blechniim japonicum 

 Houtt.; W. radicans vslt. orientalis (Sw.) Luerss.; W. radicans 



sensu auct. Japon., pro parte, non Smith Komochi-shida. 



Rhizomes short-creeping, stout; fronds large; stipes straw- 

 colored, 30-80 cm. long, the basal scales brown, membranous, 

 broadly linear to linear-lanceolate, 3-4 cm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, 

 long-acuminate, entire; blades narrowly ovate to broadly 

 ovate-lanceolate, 30-100 cm. long, 20-35 cm. wide, acuminate, 

 bipinnitiparted, sometimes with numerous adventitious plant- 

 lets on the upper side; pinnae obliquely spreading, ovate- 

 lanceolate to deltoid-lanceolate, 12-30 cm. long, 4-10 cm. wide, 

 acuminate, somewhat cuneate at base, sessile or short-petiolu- 

 late, pinnately parted, slightly wider on the anterior than on 

 the posterior side; pinnules lanceolate, 7-10 cm. long, acute to 

 acuminate, minutely toothed; sori along the costule of the pin- 

 nules linear-oblanceolate to narrowly oblong, 2-4 mm. long. 



Honshu, (Etchu, Rikuzen Prov. and southw.), Shikoku, 



Kyushu. China. 



Var. formosana Rosenst. W. prolifera Hook. & Arn.; W. 

 orientalis var. prolifera (Hook. & Arn.) Ching; W. angusti- 

 loba Hance; W. exaltata Nakai; W. orientalis sensu auct 



Japon., pro parte, non Sw. Hachijo-kaguma. Fronds 



larger, to about 2 m. long, 50 cm. wide or more; pinnae larger, 

 more deeply pinnatiparted; pinnules broadly hnear to linear- 

 lanceolate, to 15 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide, often caudately 



long-acuminate, minutely toothed. Honshu (Izu Isls. and 



Awa Prov.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryukyus and Formosa. 



Fam. 19. ASPLENIACEAE Torano-o-shida Ka Spleenwort Family 



Usually terrestrial, sometimes epiphytic ferns; rhizomes creeping to suberect, dictyostelic, with clathrate scales; stipes not 

 jointed, usually with two fibrovascular bundles united toward the top; blades simple to decompound, usually firm and ever- 

 green; veins forked, free or anastomosing; sori elongate along die veinlets; indusia on the veinlets, rarely absent. Cosmopoli- 

 tan, with about 9 genera and about 720 species. 



1 A. Veins free or united bj- a marginal vein 1 . Asplcnium 



IB. Veins reticulate 2. Camplosorus 



