POLYPODIACEAE 



101 



7. PYRROSIA Mirbel Hitotsuba Zoku 



Epiphytic; rhizomes creeping, dictyostelic, scaly; fronds coriaceous, uniform or slighdy dimorphic, jointed on the rhizome, 

 usually simple and entire, sometimes pedately lobed, with more or less persistent stellate scales; veins reticulate; sori usually 



apical on the veinlets, round, or sometimes elongate and confluent; paraphyses stellate. About 100 species, Amur and Ussuri, 



Africa to Polynesia and New Zealand, most abundant in se. Asia. 



1 A. Blades linear, 3-8(-13) cm. long, 2-5 mm. wide, sessile; sori in 2 parallel series on upper part of blade, distinct or subconfluent. 



1. P. linearijolia 

 IB. Blades broader, more than 15 mm. wide, distinctly stipitate; sori scattered, occupying the entire fertile blade or the upper half, 

 sometimes confluent. 

 2A. Blades simple, linear to lanceolate, acute or gradually narrowed to the base. 



3A. Rhizomes with close stipes; blades 5-15 mm. wide 2. P. pe/(incnsis 



3B. Rhizomes with remote stipes; blades 2-7 cm. wide 3. P. lingua 



2B. Blades pedately 3- to 5-Iobcd, hastate, truncate to subcordate at base 4. P. hastata 



1. Pyrrosia linearifolia (Hook.) Ching. Niphobolus 5-8 mm. long, ciliate; stipes 5-25 cm. long, shorter to slighdy 

 linearifolius Hook.; Polypoditim linearifolium (Hook.) Hook.; longer than the blade, straw-colored, densely brown stellate- 

 Cydophorus linearifolius (Hook.) C. Chr.; Neoniphopsis hairy while young, glabrescent, scaly only at base; blades 



linearijolia (Hook.) Nakai Birodo-shida. Rhizomes long- firmly coriaceous, mostly simple, lanceolate to broadly so, 



creeping, slender, about 2 mm. across, the scales dense, acute or subobtuse, acute to broadly cuneate at base, entire or 



ascending, linear, 4-5 mm. long, filiform at the tip, sparsely undulate, densely brown stellate-hairy on both sides while 



toothed; blades simple, linear, 3-8(-13) cm. long, 2-5 mm. young, soon glabrous on upper side, the sterile 10-25 cm. 



wide, very obtuse, gradually narrowed toward base, entire, long, 2-7 cm. wide, the fertile 10-20 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. wide; 



sessile, with red-brown to pale brown stellate hairs beneath, costa raised beneath, the veins and veinlets concealed; sori 



sparsely so above; costa glabrous beneath; sori in 2 parallel rounded, confluent, densely covering the underside of blade 



series along the costa on upper part of the blade, subconfluent, except the costa. Rocks in hills and low mountains; Hon- 



elliptic to round. Rocks and tree trunks in mountains; shu (s. Kanto through Tokaido to Kinki and Chtigoku Distr.), 



Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea, Manchuria, Shikoku, Kyushu; common.- — -Ryukyus, Formosa, China to 



China, and Formosa (var.). Indochina. Cv. Corymbiferus with crested fronds is culti- 



2. Pyrrosia pekinensis (Christ) Ching. Cydophorus vated. 



pe\inensis Christ Iwadare-hitotsuba. Rhizomes creep- 4. P>Trosia hastata (Thunb.) Ching. Acrostichum bas- 

 ing, 1.5-2 mm. across, with close stipes, densely scaly, the latum Thunb.; Niphobolus hastatiis (Thunb.) Kunze; Foly- 

 scales appressed, about 2 mm. long, deltoid-lanceolate, cau- campium hastatum (Thunb.) Presl; Polypodium tricuspe Sw.; 



dately long-attenuate, dark brown at the center, gray-brown Pyrrosia tricuspis (Sw.) Tagawa Iwa-omadaka. Rhi- 



and thinner toward margin, denticulate; fronds 15-25 cm. zomes short-creeping, densely scaly, 5-7 mm. across, the scales 

 long, firm, the stipes 5-8 cm. long, sparsely stellate-pilose, appressed, lustrous, black, firm, deltoid-lanceolate, slighdy con- 

 scaly at base; scales linear, membranous, pale brown, gradu- cave, acute, with short brown hairs toward margin; stipes 

 ally caudate-acuminate, 3-4 mm. long; blades hnear-lanceolate 7-20(-30) cm. long, longer than the blades, with tardily 

 or broadly linear, 8-15 cm. long, 5-15 mm. wide, simple, en- deciduous brown appressed stellate hairs; blades firmly coria- 

 tire, narroweed to the obtuse apex, gradually attenuate to the ceous, hastate, 5-15 cm. long, 3-10 cm. wide near base in- 

 stipe, sparingly stellate-pilose but soon glabrate above, densely elusive of the lateral lobes, pedately 3- to 5-lobed, truncate to 

 cinereous-brown stellate hairy, the costa slender, slighdy ele- subcordate at base, nearly glabrate and green on upper side, 

 vated beneath; sori somewhat scattered, not confluent, round. with gray- to red-brown densely appressed stellate hairs be- 



Rocks; Honshu (Mikawa, Totomi, and Sagami Prov.); neath; terminal lobe lanceolate, 4-12 cm. long, 1.5-4 cm. wide, 



very rare. n. China. acute to subobtuse, the lateral lobes obliquely spreading, nar- 



3. Pyrrosia lingua (Thunb.) Farwell. Acrostichum rowly deltoid-ovate to ovate, obtuse, sometimes with a small 

 lingua Thunb.; Polypodium lingua (Thunb.) Sw.; Niphobolus accessory lobule near base on the posterior side; costa slightly 

 lingua (Thunb.) Spreng.; Polycampium lingua (Thunb.) raised, the veins and veinlets concealed; sori round, densely 



Presl Hitotsuba. Evergreen; rhizomes long-creeping, covering the entire undersurface. Rocks in mountains; 



wiry, about 3 mm. across, the scales dense, appressed, rather Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea and Man- 

 firm, red- to yellow-brown, slighdy lustrous, hnear-lanceolate, churia. 



8. MICROSORIUM Link Hokozaki-uraboshi Zoku 



Mosdy epiphytic; rhizomes creeping, dictyostelic, usually with broad clathrate scales; stipes remote, jointed with the rhizomes; 

 blades herbaceous to coriaceous, simple or pinnatifid, rarely pinnate, glabrous or rarely pubescent, not scaly, entire; venation 

 irregularly reticulate; sori at the union of the veinlets, usually round, scattered, or in a single series on each side of the costa, 

 without paraphyses. About 40 species, Japan, Polynesia to Malaysia, India, and Africa. 



I. A. Sori large, depressed, 3-5 mm. across, usually in a single row on each side of the costa, or sometimes in a double 



row; rhizomes rather sparsely scaly 1 . A/, scolopcndria 



IB. Sori smaller, not depressed, 1-2.5 mm. across, irregularly dispersed; rhizomes rather densely scaly. 



