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Taxaceae; Podocarpaceae 



1. TORREYA Arn. Kaya Zoku 



Evergreen mostly dioecious trees with longitudinally torn bark; branches on main axis verticillate, the lateral branches 

 subopposite; leaves appearing 2-ranked, thick, rigid, linear, lustrous and deep green above, with 2 narrow stomatal bands 

 beneath; stamen clusters solitary, axillary, pedunculate, consisting of 4-8 whorls of stamens, the anthers 4-locular; ovule single, 



sessile, subtended by several scales, surrounded by a fleshy aril; seeds ovoid, maturing the second year. Seven or eight species 



in N. America and e. Asia. 



1. Torreya nucifera (L.) Sieb. & Zucc. Taxus nucijera 



L. Kaya. Glabrous tree with spreading brownish 



branches; leaves linear, 15-25 mm. long, 2.2-3 mm. wide, 

 rather rigid, gradually tapering to a short spinescent apex, 

 abruptly narrowed to subsessile base, deep green and lustrous 

 on more or less convex upper side, pale green with 2 narrow 

 pale yellowish impressed stomatal bands beneath; seed nar- 

 rowly ellipsoidal, about 2.5 cm. long, greenish, tinged with 

 purple. Honshu (Kanto Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyu- 

 shu. 



Var. macrosperma (Miyoshi) Koidz. T. macro sperma Mi- 



yoshi HiDARi-MAKiGAYA. Seed oblong, 3.5-4 cm. long. 



Honshu (Omi and Iga Prov.). 



Var. radicans Nakai. T. jruticosa Nakai Chaeogaya. 



Stems less than 3 m. long, ascending, branching from base, 

 radicant.— — ^Mountains; Honshu. 



Var. igaensis (Doi & Morikawa) Ohwi. T. igaensis Doi & 

 Morikawa- — — Kotsobtjgaya. Leaves 1-1.8 cm. long, 



abrupdy spinescent; seed about 2 cm. long. Honshu (Iga 



Prov.) ; rare. 



2. TAXUS L. 



IcHU Zoku 



Evergreen, dioecious, rarely monoecious trees and shrubs with red-brown scaly bark, the branches irregularly alternate; leaves 

 spirally arranged but often appearing 2-ranked, linear, sometimes falcate, with 2 rather broad greenish stomatal bands beneath; 

 stamens 6-14, in heads, the anthers 5- to 9-locular; ovule surrounded at base by an aril and several scales; seeds ovoid, the aril 

 cup-shaped, fleshy, usually scarlet. About 8 species in the temperate regions of the N. Hemisphere. 



1. Taxus cuspidata Sieb. & Zucc. T. baccata sensu 

 Thunb., non L.; T. baccata var. microcarpa Trautv.; T. bac- 

 cata subsp. cuspidata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Pilger Ichii. Erect 



tree with spreading or ascending branches; leaves spirally ar- 

 ranged or appearing 2-ranked, linear, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, 2-3 

 mm. wide, rather abruptly narrowed to a short spinescent 

 apex, abruptly short-petiolate at base, dark green with the mid- 

 rib conspicuous above when dry, the lower side with 2 tawny 

 stomatal bands occupying nearly the entire area except the 

 margins and midrib; aril scarlet when mature. ^Mountains; 



Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. distr. northw. and Yamato), Shi- 

 koku, Kyushu. 



Var. luteobaccata Miyabe & Tatew. Kimi-no-onko. Aril 

 yellowish around a greenish seed. 



Var. nana Rehd. Kyaraboku. Depressed low shrub 



with ascending, densely arranged branches and branchlets; 

 leaves usually only spirally disposed and not appearing 2- 

 ranked. Mountains; Honshu (Japan Sea side); much cul- 

 tivated. 



Fam. 27. PODOCARPACEAE Maki Ka Podocarp Family 



Trees and shrubs; leaves usually acicular to linear, sometimes broadly oblong to ovate; stamens usually many, terminal or 

 axillary, on elongate peduncles, the anthers 2-locular; ovules 1 to several, with several basal scales which become a fleshy 

 receptacle; seeds globose to ovoid, drupelike. Seven genera, with about 100 species chiefly in the Tropics. 



1. PODOCARPUS Pers. 



Maki Zoku 



Evergreen shrubs and trees, dioecious, rarely monoecious; leaves alternate, sometimes opposite, linear to broadly lanceolate 

 or ovate; staminate cones amentlike, usually axillary, solitary or in fascicles; ovules usually solitary, axillary, enveloped by a 



scale which becomes a fleshy receptacle subtended by several bracts; seeds globose to ovoid, drupelike or nudike. More than 



60 species, chiefly in mountains of tropical or subtropical regions. 



lA. Leaves alternate, broadly linear, the midrib distinct 1. P. macrophyllus 



IB. Leaves opposite, lanceolate to ovate, or oblong, the midrib wanting 2. P. nagi 



1. Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) Lamb. Taxus 



macrophylla Thunb.; P. longij alius Hort. Inu-maki. Trees 



with rather stout branches; leaves alternate, broadly linear, 10- 

 18 cm. long, attenuate at both ends, deep green and lustrous 

 above, slightly yellowish below, the midrib distinct; staminate 

 cones cylindric, in fascicles, in groups about 3 cm. long; ovules 

 axillary, short-pedicelled; fruit furnished with an obovoid dark 

 red fleshy receptable at base and a single broadly ovoid, green- 

 ish seed about 1 cm. long. May. Honshu (s. Kanto to s. 



Kinki Distr.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryukyus. 



Var. maki Sieb. Taxus chinensis Roxb.; P. chinensis 



(Roxb.) Sweet; P. japonicus Sieb.; P. macrophyllus subsp. 

 raa^i (Sieb.) Pilger; P. macrophyllus var. chinensis (Roxb.) 



Maxim. Rakan-maki, Maki. Shrubs with ascending 



branches; leaves densely arranged, ascending, 4-8 cm. long, 



5-9 mm. wide, obtuse. Native of China, widely cultivated 



in Japan; several cultivars are grown. 



2. Podocarpus nagi (Thunb.) Zoll. & Moritzi ex Ma- 

 kino. Myrica nagi Thunb.; Nageia japonica Gaertn.; N. nagi 



(Thunb.) O. Kuntze Nagi. Branched, upright tree 



with glabrous branches; leaves opposite or subopposite, lanceo- 

 late to ovate or oblong, 3-8 cm. long, 12-30 mm. wide, obtuse. 



