Podocarpaceae; Cephalotaxaceae; Pinaceae 111 



narrowed at base, entire, deep-green and lustrous above, paler slightly glaucous; receptacle small and not fleshy. May- 

 or whitish beneath with many parallel slender veinlets; sta- June. Mountains; Honshu (w. Chugoku), Shikoku, Kyushu; 

 mens fasciculate; seeds globose, 10-15 mm. wide, bluish green, occasionally planted. Ryukyus and Formosa. 



Fam. 28. CEPHALOTAXACEAE Inugaya Ka Plum-yew Family 



Evergreen shrubs and trees, dioecious, rarely monoecious; leaves linear, appearing 2-ranked; stamens 7-12, axillary, globose, 

 in heads or spikes, with short filaments, the anthers usually 3-locular; ovulate organ axillary on lower part of branchlets, consist- 

 ing of several pairs of 2-ovuled megasporophylls; seed solitary or geminate, ellipsoidal, drupelike, with fleshy pericarp and thin 

 woody inner coat. Two genera and about 6 species in e. Asia and the Himalayas. 



1. CEPHALOTAXUS Sieb. & Zucc. Inugaya Zoku 



Evergreen, dioecious shrubs or trees with opposite branches; leaves appearing 2-ranked, linear, with a raised midrib above 



and 2 broad stomatal bands beneath; seeds large, ellipsoidal, greenish or purplish. About 5 species in e. Asia and the 



Himalayas. 



1. Cephalotaxus harringtonia (Knight) K. Koch. Cv. Fastigiata. C. harringtonia var. fastigiata (Carr.) 



Taxus /larringtonia Knight ex Forhss; C. pedtinculata Sieh. li Rehd.; Podocarpus k^oraiana Endl.; C. kpraiana Hort. ex 



Zucc; C. drupacea Sieb. & Zucc; C. dntpacea var. harringtonia Gordon; C. pedttnculata fastigiata Carr.; C. buergeri Miq.; 



(Knight) Pilger Inug.wa. Small tree with spreading C. harringtonia var. kpraiana (Endl.) Koidz. Chosen- 



branches; leaves appearing 2-ranked, linear, 2-5 cm. long, 2.5- maki. Shrub with erect or ascending branches, and usually 



3.5 mm. wide, abruptly mucronate, dark green above, with 2 spirally arranged leaves not appearing 2-ranked. Known 



rather broad grayish stomatal bands beneath; stamens on short, only in cultivation. 



simple or rarely branched peduncles; seeds ovoid or obovoid, Var. nana (Nakai) Rehd. C. nana Nakai Hai-inugaya. 



rarely globose, about 2.5 cm. long, greenish, becoming purplish Spreading shrub with ascending branches; seeds pale purplish 



when mature. Hondo (Kanto Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, when mature. Mountains on the Japan Sea side; Hokkaido, 



Kyushu. Korea and n. China. Honshu. 



Fam. 29. PINACEAE Matsu Ka Pine Family 



Evergreen, rarely deciduous shrubs and trees, usually monoecious, with long shoots only or with both long shoots and short 

 spurs; leaves acicular or linear, spirally arranged; staminate inflorescence amentlike, consisting of many imbricate scales with 

 several 2-loculed anthers on the lower side, the pollen-grains often winged; ovulate aments or cones consisting of many im- 

 bricate woody scales, with 2 usually winged seeds on the upper side, the ovules anatropous. About 9 genera, with more than 



200 species widely distributed in the N. Hemisphere. 



lA. Leaves not in fascicles, disposed in 2 ranks or spiral on elongate branches; long shoots prevailingly well-developed, the short shoots 

 obsolete or poorly developed. 



2A. Cones erect, the scales deciduous leaving a persistent axis; branches not pulvinate; pollen-grains winged 1. Abtes 



2B. Cones reflexed or pendulous, the scales persistent. 



3A. Bracts of the cone scales much -elongate, exserted; branches scarcely pulvinate; pollen-grains wingless 2. Pseudotsuga 



3B. Bracts shorter than the scales; branches pulvinate. 



4A. Cones small, not over 2.5 cm. long, the seeds enclosed by the wing-base; leaves with solitary resin ducts; pollen-grains wingless. 



3. Tsiiga 

 48. Cones larger, never less than 3 cm. long, the seeds enclosed by the wing-base on one side only; leaves with paired resin ducts; 



pollen-grains winged ^- P"'^" 



IB. Leaves fasciculate on short (these sometimes obscure) shoots or spurs or remotely alternate on long shoots; branches of 2 kinds. 

 5A. Leaves many in each fascicle; cones erect, the scales not umbonate. 



6.\. Leaves deciduous; cones 2-3 cm. long, maturing within 1 year 5. Larix 



6B. Leaves evergreen; cones 5-12 cm. long, maturing after 2-3 years 6. Cedriis 



5B. Leaves 2-5 (-8) in each fascicle, rarely solitary, alternate, reduced to scales on long shoots; cones erect to reflexed, the scales usually 

 umbonate 7. Pintis 



1. ABIES Mill. MoMi Zoku 



Evergreen monoecious trees; leaves spirally arranged, often appearing 2-ranked, linear or linear-lanceolate, usually flat, with 

 2 stomatal bands beneath, usually retuse; staminate aments axillary, nodding or pendulous, oblong, mostly on under side of 

 branches; pollen grains winged; ovulate aments erect, near summit of tree; cones erect, the scales larger than the bracts, 



deciduous from the persistent axis at maturity; seeds winged, the cotyledons 4-10. About 40 species, in the cooler regions of 



the N. Hemisphere. 



lA. Young branches glabrous and lustrous, with deep grooves especially on those of the second year; winter buds large, obtuse; bracts of 



the cones not exerted beyond the scales; leaves slighdy emarginate 1. A. homolepis 



IB. Young branches more or less pubescent. 



