112 



PiNACEAE 



2A. Leaves acutely bifid in young trees, emarginate when mature; cones 10-12 cm. long 2. A. firma 



2B. Leaves always obtuse to emarginate; cones less than 10 cm. long. 



3A. Leaves about 1.5 mm. wide; resin ducts internal; young branches with short rusty to grayish hairs; winter buds bluish. 



3. A. sachalinensis 

 3B. Leaves about 2 mm. wide; resin ducts marginal. 



4A. Young branches pubescent with rusty-brown hairs; leaves thickish, slightly broadened at tip ^. A. mariesii 



4B. Young branches with grayish or gray-brown hairs, glabrescent; leaves rather thin, narrow, not broadened at tip. 



5. A. veitchii 



1. Abies homolepis Sieb. & Zucc. A. brachyphylla 

 Maxim.; A. finhonnos\iana Neumann ex Pari.; V'tnus harryana 



MacNab Urajiro-momi, Dake-momi. Bark scaly; buds 



ovoid, resinous; branchlets glabrous, yellowish gray; leaves 

 linear, 15-25 mm. long, 1.7-2.2 mm. wide, rounded to emargi- 

 nate, with 2 broad stomatal bands beneath; cones narrowly 

 oblong, 7-10 cm. long, purplish when young, the scales 2-2.5 

 cm. wide, the bracts small, subcuneate, cuspidate, retuse, ap- 



pressed on the scale, not exserted. ^Mountains; Honshu 



(Fukushima pref. westw. to centr. distr. and Yamato), Shi- 

 koku, Kyushu. 



Var. umbellata (Mayr) Wils. A. umbellata Mayr; A. um- 



bilicata Mayr Mitsumine-momi. Cones greenish when 



young. Honshu. 



2. Abies firma Sieb. & Zucc. A. bifida Sieb. & Zucc; A. 



firma var. momi Mast. Momi. Tree with scaly bark; 



winter buds ovoid, acute, lustrous, grayish brown, only slightly 

 resinous; branches grayish brown, short-pubescent in the shal- 

 low grooves; leaves pectinate, 2-3.5 cm. long, obtuse and 

 emarginate, acutely bifid in young plants, with 2 grayish 

 stomatal bands beneath; cones short-cylindric, 10-12 cm. long, 

 yellowish green when young, the scales about 2.5 cm wide, the 



bracts exserted, not reflexed, linear-lanceolate, acuminate. 



Hills and mountains; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



3. Abies sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Mast. A. homo- 

 lepis var. to\unaii Carr.; A. veitchii var. sachalinensis P. 



Schmidt Aka-todo-matsu. Tree with nearly smooth, 



grayish bark; buds small, subglobose; branchlets pubescent in 

 the shallow grooves; leaves linear, 2-3.5 cm. long, about 1.5 

 mm. wide, rounded to emarginate, with 2 rather narrow 

 stomatal bands beneath; cones cylindric, about 7 cm. long, the 

 scales externally densely puberulent, entire, the bracts obcor- 



date-quadrangular, cuspidate, exserted, straight. Hokkaido. 



s. Kuriles and Sakhalin. 



Var. nemorensis Mayr. A. nemorensis (Mayr) Miyabe & 



Miyake; A. wilsonii Miyabe & Kudo Ezo-shirabiso. 



Bracts smaller, not exserted. Hokkaido. 



Var. mayriana Miyabe & Kudo. A. mayriana (Miyabe & 



Kudo) Miyabe & Kudo Ao-todo-matsu. Leaves with 4- 



5 stomatal bands; cone scales conspicuously reflexed. Hok- 

 kaido. 



4. Abies mariesii Mast. Aomori-todo-matsu, O-shirabi- 

 so. Bark roughened in old trees; buds small; branchlets 

 densely pubescent with short, patent, rusty-brown hairs; leaves 

 linear, 1-2 cm. long, about 2.5 mm. wide, slighdy broadened 

 at tip, rounded or emarginate, lustrous above, with 2 broad 

 whitish stomatal bands beneath; cones narrowly ovoid, 4-9 

 cm. long, purplish when young, the scales about 2.5 cm. wide, 



the bracts not exserted. ^Mountains; Hondo (centr. distr. 



northw.). 



5. Abies veitchii Lindl. Pinus solenolepis Pari.; A. veit- 

 chii var. refiexa Koidz.; A. si\o\iana Nakai Shirabe, 



Shirabiso. Tree with smooth grayish bark; buds purplish; 

 branchlets grayish or reddish brown, rather densely puberulent 

 with patent grayish brown hairs; leaves linear, 1-2.5 cm. long, 

 about 2 mm. wide, slightly emarginate, not broadened at tip, 

 with 2 whitish stomatal bands beneath; cones cylindric, about 5 

 cm. long, bluish purple while young, the scales 10-13 mm. 

 wide, entire, the bracts slightly exserted, reflexed; seeds with a 



short wing nearly as long as the seed. ^Mountains; Honshu 



(Fukushima pref. and westw. to centr. distr. and Yamato), 



Shikoku. In Shikoku, this species has smaller, more 



rounded cones, 4-4.5 cm. long, and leaves slightly broadened 

 at tip. This phase sometimes is called A. si\o\iana Nakai. 

 Shikoku-shirabe. 



Var. nikkoensis Mayr. Cones smaller, and the bracts nearly 

 hidden. 



Var. olivacea Shiras. Ao-shirabe. Cones greenish, be- 

 coming grayish brown when mature. Honshu (centr. 



distr.). 



2. PSEUDOTSUGA Carr. Toga-sawara Zoku 



Evergreen, monoecious trees; branches relatively smooth, with ovate leaf-scars; leaves spirally arranged, but appearing 

 2-ranked, linear, compressed, with a groove above and 2 stomatal bands beneath; staminate aments axillary, cylindric; ovulate 

 cones terminal on short spurs, composed of numerous spirally arranged scales, pendulous, ovoid, the scales rounded, concave, 



each subtended by an exserted tricuspidate bract; seeds 2, winged; cotyledons 6-12. Four species in e. Asia and w. N. 



America. 



1. Pseudotsuga japonica (Shiras.) Beissn. Tsuga ja- groove above and 2 white stomatal bands beneath; cones 3.5- 



ponica Shiras. Toga-sawara, Goyo-toga, Sawara-toga. 



Tree with longitudinally fissured bark; branches glabrous, yel- 

 lowish gray but dark colored around the transversely oblong 

 short leaf -scars; leaves rather loosely arranged, slightly emargi- 

 nate, 2-2.5 cm. long, 1.5-1.7 mm. wide, with a rather deep 



4.5 cm. long, die several scales entire, concave, 2-2.5 cm. wide, 

 the bracts exserted, reflexed, 3-fid with an acicular entire mid- 

 lobe and denticulate rounded-triangular lateral lobes. 



Mountains; Honshu (Kii and Yamato), Shikoku; rare. 



3. TSUGA Carr. Tsuga Zoku 



Evergreen monoecious trees; branches spreading, with distinct pulvini; leaves spirally arranged, appearing 2-ranked, linear, 

 compressed, usually emarginate, grooved above, with 2 whitish stomatal bands beneath; staminate aments axillary in globose 



