114 PiNACEAE 



rigid, slightly recurved, 15-20 mm. long, about 1.8 mm. wide, lustrous, the scales rounded, entire. ^Mountains; Honshu 



short spine-tipped, 4-angled and slightly narrower than thick, (Yatsugatake and Senjogatake in Shinano) ; rare. 



the pulvini elongate, about 1.5 mm. long; cones oblong, 8-10 6. Picea koyamae Shiras. Yatsugatake-t6-hi. Tree; 



cm. long, the scales elliptic, irregularly denticulate. Moun- branchlets reddish brown and slightly glaucous, glabrous or 



tains; Honshu (centr. distr. and Yamato), Shikoku, Kyushu. nearly so on main axis, usually glandular-pubescent in the 



5. Picea maximowiczii Regel. Abies obovata var. ja- lateral, the pulvini prominent; leaves 8-12 mm. long, thickish, 



ponica Maxim.; P. obovata var. japonica (Maxim.) Beissn.; acute or obtuse, sometimes slighdy curved, with 2 whitish 



P. tschonoskji Mayr Hime-bara-momi. Tree; branchlets prominent stomatal bands above and 2 faint bands beneath; 



rather slender, glabrous, yellowish or reddish brown, with cones short-cylindric, 4-10 cm. long, pale brown, the scales 



short pulvini; leaves rigid, spreading, 8-15 mm. long, dark rounded, denticulate. ^Mountains; Honshu (Yatsugatake); 



green, acute or rather obtuse, 4-angled, with stomatal bands on rare, 

 all sides; cones oblong, 3-6 cm. long, brown when mature, 



5. LAEIX Mill. Kara-matsu Zoku 



Deciduous, monoecious trees; leaves linear, compressed, rarely 4-angled, loosely and spirally arranged on elongate shoots, 

 fasciculate on short spurs; staminate aments sometimes pedunculate, globose to oblong, with numerous spirally arranged 

 anthers; ovulate aments globose, of few to rather numerous 2-ovuled scales each subtended by a large bract; cones subglobose to 

 oblong, maturing in one season, the scales rounded to elliptic, persistent; seeds geminate, subtriangular, winged; cotyledons 

 usually 6. About 10 species in the cooler regions of the N. Hemisphere and the Himalayas. 



1. Larix leptolepis (Sieb. & Zucc.) Gord. Pinus kaemp- narrowed toward base, with 2 stomatal bands beneath; cones 



feri Lamb.; Abies leptolepis Sieb. & Zucc; L. japonica Carr.; broadly ovoid, 2-3 cm. long, the scales several, truncate and 



L. leptolepis var. minor A. Murr.; L. japonica var. macrocarpa recurved at apex, minutely gland-dotted on back. ^Moun- 



Carr.; L. leptolepis var. murrayana Maxim.; L. \aempjeri tains; Honshu (centr. distr., Oze, and Zaosan in Rikuzen), 



(Lamb.) Sarg., non Carr. Kara-matsu. Tree; branch- often planted for timber. 



lets yellowish or reddish brown, glabrous or slightly short- Larix dahurica Turcz. var. japonica Maxim. L. \urilen- 



pubescent; leaves compressed, 15-35 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. sis Mayr Gui-matsu, Shikotan-matsu. Occasionally 



wide, obtuse, green, slightly glaucous while young, slightly planted. s. Kuriles and Sakhalin. 



6. CEDRUS Link Himaraya-sugi Zoku 



Evergreen monoecious tree; leaves spirally arranged, remotely alternate on long shoots, fasciculate on short spurs, acicular 

 and rather rigid, trigonous, acuminate and pointed; staminate aments cylindric, erect; ovulate aments ovoid, with numerous 

 spirally arranged 2-ovuled scales; cones ovoid, maturing the second or third year, the scales densely imbricate, broad, finely 



puberulent outside; seeds with a broad membranous wing; cotyledons 9-10. About 4 closely related species, n. Africa, Crete, 



Turkey, Lebanon, and Himalayas. 



1. Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud. Pinus deodara Roxh.; acicular, usually 3-4 cm. long, subrigid, straight, acuminate; 



C. libani var. deodara (Roxb.) Hook. f. Himaraya-sugi, staminate flowers about 3 cm. long, appearing in late summer; 



Himaraya-shida. Tree; branches slender, elongate, pendu- cones ellipsoidal, 7-10 cm. long. Often cultivated; intro- 



lous at tip, densely pubescent; leaves dark bluish green, duced from the Himalayas. 



7. PINUS L. Matsu Zoku 



Evergreen monoecious trees, rarely shrubs; leaves dimorphic, the primary ones spirally arranged and reduced to small scarious 

 bracts, the secondary leaves borne on short spurs in the axils of bracts, acicular, triangular or subterete in cross section, borne in 

 fascicles of 2-5 (-8), rarely 1, surrounded at base by sheaths of bud-scales; stamens borne in catkinlike aments, axillary, in 

 fascicles at base of young shoots, with numerous spirally arranged 2-locular anthers; ovulate aments lateral or subterminal, with 

 numerous spirally arranged 2-ovuled scales, the subtending bracts small; cones globose to subcylindric, woody, the scales at the 



tip usually rhombic and umbonate; seeds winged or wingless; cotyledons 4-15. About 100 species widely distributed in the 



N. Hemisphere, mainly extratropical, a few extending to the mountains of n. Africa, Malaysia, Central America, and the West 

 Indies. 



lA. Leaves 5 in a fascicle; vascular bundle solitary; sheaths of leaf-fascicles deciduous; seeds with or without wings. 

 2A. Seeds without wings. 



3 A. Procumbent shrub with creeping stems and branches; cones 3-5 cm. long, persistent for several years LP. pumila 



3B. Erect trees; cones 5-20 cm. long. 



4A. Cones subsessile, 9-15 cm. long; young shoots densely pubescent 2. P. kpraiensis 



4B. Cones pedunculate, 5-10 cm. long; young shoots glabrous or nearly so 3. P. armandii var. amamiana 



2B. Seeds winged; cones 5-7 cm. long, dehiscent, subsessile; young shoots glabrous or nearly so 4. P. parviflora 



IB. Leaves 2 in a fascicle, serrulate; vascular bundles 2; sheaths of leaf-fascicles persistent; seeds winged. 



5A. Bark reddish brown; terminal buds reddish brown; leaves slender 5. P. densiflora 



5B. Bark blackish gray; terminal buds whitish; leaves coarser and darker green 6. P. thunbergii 



