Pinaceae; Taxodiaceae 



115 



1. Pinus pumila (Pall.) Kegel. P. cembra var. pumila 



Pall. HAI-^LA.Tsu. Shrub, 0.5-2 m. high; lateral and main 



branches long-creeping, young shoots brown-pubescent; leaves 

 5 in a fascicle, slightly incurved, 3-5(-7) cm. long, acute, 

 triangular and obscurely serrulate on margin, deep green on 

 back, glaucescent with 2 stomatal bands on inside; staminate 

 aments dark purplish; pistillate 2 or 3 on upper part of 

 branches, purplish; cones subsessile, ovoid or ovoid-globose, 

 3-5 cm. long, the scales rather numerous, broadly ovate; seeds 



wingless. Alpine regions; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. distr. 



northw.). e. Siberia and Kamchatka. 



2. Pinus koraiensis Sieb. & Zucc. P. cembra var. exceha 

 Ma.xim.; P. mandshurica Rupr.; P. cembra var. manchwica 



Mast. Chosen-coyo, Chosen-matsu. Tree; young shoots 



densely brown-pubescent; leaves 5 in a fascicle, deep green, 

 straight, 7-12 cm. long, 1-1.2 mm. wide, triangular, serrulate, 

 acute, with 2 stomatal bands on inside; staminate aments red- 

 dish yellow; cones 9-15 cm. long, ovoid-conical or oblong-coni- 

 cal, 5-7 cm. across, the scales obtuse and slighdy recurved at 

 apex; seeds about 12 mm. long, wingless. Mountains; Hon- 

 shu (centr. distr.), Shikoku. Korea, Manchuria, and Ussuri. 



3. Pinus armandii Franch. var. amamiana (Koidz.) 

 Hatus. P. armandii sensu auct. Japon., non Franch.; P. 



amamiana Koidz. Amami-goyo, Yakutane-goyo. Tree; 



young shoots glabrous or nearly so, brownish; leaves 5 in a 

 fascicle, rather rigid, 5-8 cm. long, about 1 mm. wide, tri- 

 angular, serrulate with 2 stomatal bands on lateral face; cones 

 short-pedunculate, ovoid or ovoid-ellipsoid, 5-10 cm. long, 

 the scales rounded and slightly recurved at apex; seeds 12-13 



mm. long, wingless. Mountains and hills; Kyushu (Yaku- 



shima and Tanegashima). The typical phase occurs in 



Formosa and China. 



4. Pinus parviflora Sieb. & Zucc. P. hime\omatsu Mi- 

 yabe & Kudo; P. pentaphylla var. hime\omatsu (Miyabe & 

 Kudo) Makino Hime-ko-matsu, Goyo-matsu. Tree with 



bark fissured into thin flaky scales; branches glabrous and 

 grayish brown, or puberulent and yellowish brown while 

 young; leaves 5 in a fascicle, rather slender, slightly curved, 

 2-6 cm. long, 0.7-1 mm. wide, triangular, scattered-serrulate, 

 with 2 lateral white stomatal bands, deep green on outer side; 

 cones ovoid-oblong, 5-7 cm. long; seeds about 1 cm. long, the 



wing much shorter than the seed. Mountains; Honshu, 



Shikoku, Kyushu; sometimes planted. 



Var. laevis Hara. Todo-hada-goyo. Bark smooth, not 

 flaky. Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. and n. distr.). 



Var. pentaphylla (Mayr) Henry. P. pentaphylla Mayr 



Kita-goyo. Wing of seed a little shorter than to as long as 

 the seed. Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. and n. distr.). 



Pinus X liakkodensis Makino. Hakkoda-goyo. Hybrid 

 of P. parviflora X P. pumila. Honshu (n. distr.). 



5. Pinus densiflora Sieb. & Zucc. P. scopifera Miq. 



Aka-matsu, Me-matsu. Tree with reddish brown variously 

 scaly bark; branchlets glabrous; leaves 2 in a fascicle, 8-12 cm. 

 long, 0.7-1.2 mm. wide, acute, deep green, semiterete, scabrous 

 with minute marginal teeth; staminate aments ellipsoidal, pale 

 yellow; cones very short-pedunculate, conic-ovoid, 3-5 cm. 

 long, the scales numerous, cuneate, the exposed part flattened 



and transversely rhomboidal, the umbo short-mucronate. 



Hills and low mountains; Hokkaido (s. distr.), Honshu, Shi- 

 koku, Kyushu; very common, variable. Hybridizes with the 

 following species. Korea. 



6. Pinus thunbergii Pari. P. massoniana sensu Sieb. & 



Zucc, non Lamb. Koro-matsu, O-matsu. Tree with 



dark gray, scaly fissured bark; young branches glabrous; leaves 

 2 in a fascicle, straight, rigid, dark green, subterete, sharp- 

 pointed, 7-15 cm. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide; cones short-peduncu- 

 late, conic-ovoid, 4-6 cm. long, the scales cuneate, the exposed 



part flatdsh, with a small depressed mucro at the center. 



Seaside and lowlands; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. 

 s. Korea. 



Fam. 30. TAXODIACEAE Sugi Ka Taxodium Family 



Trees with scaly or acicular leaves; staminate inflorescence small, terminal or axillary, the stamens with short filaments, the 

 anthers 2- to 9-locular, the ovulate solitary and terminal, with numerous spirally arranged 2- to 9-ovulate scales; mature cones 



woody, with spreading, rounded scales, die bract indistinct; seeds usually with winglike margins. About 8 genera, with about 



15 species in s. Asia, N. America, and Tasmania. 



lA. Leaves dimorphic, needlelike ones consisting of 2 completely connate true leaves arising from the axil of scale leaves, verticillate at apex 

 of branchlets, narrowly linear, elongate, furrowed on both surfaces, falling individually; cone scales thick, woody, without a mucro, 

 7- to 9-sceded L Sciadopitys 



IB. Leaves all alike, linear-subulate, spirally arranged, rather short, incurved, decurrent, persistent; cone-scales enlarged above into 

 a disc, mucronate, toothed, 2- to 5-secded 2. Cryptomeria 



1. SCIADOPITYS Sieb. & Zucc. Koya-maki Zoku 



Evergreen monoecious tree; leaves dimorphic, the scale leaves on the branchlets, the needlelike leaves 2, completely fused, nar- 

 rowly linear, arising from the axils of the scale leaves, compressed, thickish, with a deeper furrow especially on under side; 

 staminate aments densely agglomerate at dps of branchlets, the 2-locular anthers spirally arranged; ovulate aments solitary at 

 apex of branchlets, consisting of numerous spirally arranged 7- to 9-ovulate scales each subtended by a small bract; cones 



narrowly ovoid, the scales broadly cuneate, thick, woody; seeds ovoid with a narrow wing; cotyledons 2. One species in 



Japan. 



1. Sciadopitys verticillata (Thunb.) Sieb. & Zucc. 

 Taxus verticillata Thunb.; Pinus verticillata (Thunb.) Sieb. 

 Koya-maki. Branches glabrous, the scale leaves scat- 

 tered on long shoots and crowded at the top, the ordinary 

 leaves narrowly linear, 8-12 cm. long, about 3 mm. wide, 

 lustrous, deep green, thickish, obtuse and slightly emarginate; 



cones 8-12 cm. long, with numerous scales, about 2.5 cm. wide, 

 the exposed part transversely narrow-rhombic with reflexed 

 upper margin and rather thick incurved lower margin; seeds 

 about 12 mm. long.- — —Mountains; Honshu (Iwashiro and 

 centr. distr. westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu; often planted. 



