CUPRESSACEAE 



117 



3. CHAMAECYPARIS Spach HinokiZoku 



Evergreen monoecious trees; branchlets horizontally flattened (except in seedlings and in certain cultivars); leaves at 

 maturity opposite, scaly (short subulate in juvenile condition), ovate or rhomboid, entire; staminate aments small, ovoid to 

 oblong with numerous decussate stamens, the anthers 2- to 4-locular; ovulate cones globose, the scales 6-12, peltate, mucronate; 

 seeds with thin broad wings; cot>'ledons 2. Six or seven species in N. America, Japan, and Formosa. 



lA. Leaves rather obtuse, glandless; cones 10-12 mm. wide, the scales 1- to 5-seeded I. C. obttisa 



IB. Leaves acuminate, with an obscure gland on outside; cones about 7 mm. wide, the scales 1- to 2-seeded 2. C. pisijera 



1. Chamaecyparis obtusa (Sieb. & Zucc.) Endl. Reti- 

 nospora obtusa Sieb. & Zucc; Cupresstis obtusa (Sieb. & Zucc.) 

 K. Koch; Thuja obtusa (Sieb. & Zucc.) Mast.; Chamaecyparis 

 breviramea Maxim.; C. pendula Maxim. Hinoki. Ever- 

 green tree; branchlets slender, about 2 mm. wide, horizontally 

 flattened; leaves scaly, appressed at maturity, obtuse, deep 

 green above with a white spot beneath; cones globose, 10-12 

 mm. across, 8- to 10-scaIed, each scale with a small mucro on 

 the depressed back; seeds about 3 mm. long, narrowly winged. 



Mountains; Honshu (Iwaki and Kanto Distr. westw.), 



Shikoku, Kyushu; much planted for timber and grown ex- 

 tensively as an ornamental. 



2. Chamaecyparis pisifera (Sieb. & Zucc.) Endl. Reti- 

 nospora pisifera Sieb. & Zucc; Thuja pisijera (Sieb. & Zucc.) 



Mast. Savvara. Tree, closely related to the preceding; 



branchlets slender, flattened horizontally; leaves ascending. 



acuminate, deep green, with an obscure gland above, pale 

 green and with a small white spot beneath, the lateral leaves 

 broadly lanceolate, compressed laterally, the facial ones ovate- 

 deltoid; cones globose, 6-7 mm. wide, 10- or 12-scaled, the 

 scales with a triangular mucro on the depressed center; seeds 

 narrowly obovoid to transversely elliptic, about 2 mm. long, 



the wing 4 mm. long. Mountains; Honshu (Iwaki and 



Iwashiro westw. to Kii and Yamato), Kyushu; much planted 

 for timber and grown extensively as an ornamental. 



Cv. Squarrosa. C. pisifera var. squarrosa (Sieb. & Zucc.) 



Beissn. & Hochst. Hi-muro. A cultivated plant with 



juvenile foliage, the leaves linear, soft, about 6 mm. long. 



Cv. Plumosa. C. pisifera var. plumosa (Carr.) Beissn.; 

 Retinospora plumosa Carr. Shinobu-hiba. Leaves ob- 

 liquely spreading, short-linear, 3-4 inm. long. Intermediate 

 between the typical phase and var. squarrosa. 



4. JUNIPERUS L. Byakushin Zoku 



Evergreen monoecious or usually dioecious shrubs and trees with congested branchlets; leaves opposite or ternate, scalelike 

 or short acicular, sometimes both occurring together; staminate aments obovoid or oblong, with numerous opposite or ternate 

 anthers; ovulate aments of 3-8 coalescent scales, each with I or 2 ovules; cones globose, berrylike, 1-12 seeded, the scales 



connate and more or less fleshy; cotyledons 2 or 4-5. About 50 species widely distributed in the N. Hemisphere, extending 



southward to the mountains of the Tropics. 



lA. Leaves all acicular and ternate, spreading, articulate at base; winter buds distinct; flowers axillary. 



2A. Leaves incurved, concave above, lunate in cross section; alpine regions 1. /. cemmunis 



2B. Leaves straight or only slightly curved, sulcate above; seashores or in mountains. 



3A. Low procumbent shrub; cones 8-12 mm. across; leaves 8-15 mm. long 2. /. conjerta 



33. Upright shrub or tree; cones 6-9 mm. across; leaves 12-25 mm. long 3. /. rigida 



IB. Leaves all or pardy scalelike or rarely all acicular, decurrent, not articulate at base; winter buds indistinct; flowers terminal. 



4. /. chinensis 



1. Juniperus communis L. var. montana Ait. /. sibirica with a rather flat apex. Alpine slopes; Honshu (centr. 



Burgsd.; /. communis var. saxatilis Pall, ex Willd., nom. distr.). 



imperf.; /. communis var. sibirica (Burgsd.) Rydb.; /. rebunen- 2. Juniperus conferta Pari. /. litoralis Maxim.; /. rigida 



sis Kudo & Susaki; /. communis var. nana Loud. Rishiri- var. conferta (Pari.) Patschke Hai-nezu. Procumbent 



BYAKUSHIN. Procumbent shrub; branchlets yellowish-brown, dioecious shrubs; leaves short, acicular, 8-15 mm. long, 1-2 

 glabrous; leaves crowded, spreading, short, acicular, linear- mm. across, usually with a short point, straight or slightly in- 

 oblong, curved, short-pointed, lustrous, deep green, deeply curved, rigid, with a white groove above; cones globose, 8-12 



concave with a white band above; cones globose, 7-9 mm. mm. across, purplish black and slighdy glaucous. Sandy 



across, bluish-black, slightly glaucous. Alpine zone; Hok- seashores; Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu. Sakhalin. 



kaido; rare. Sakhalin, Kuriles, Kamchatka, N. America to 3. Juniperus rigida Sieb. & Zucc. /. utilis Koidz. 



Siberia and Europe. Nezu, Muro, Nezumi-sashi. Upright shrub or small tree; 



Var. nipponica (Maxim.) Wils. /. nipponica Maxim.; /. branchlets slender, pendulous, triangular; leaves spreading, 



sibirica var. nipponica (Maxim.) Kusaka Miyama-nezu. acicular, 12-25 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide, straight, slender. 



Similar to the preceding variety, but the leaves less strongly gradually narrowed into a short spine, with a white deep fur- 

 curved, 1-1.2 mm. wide, deeply sulcate above, keeled below; row above; cones globose, 6-9 mm. in diameter, purplish black, 



cones globose, rounded at apex. Alpine slopes; Hokkaido, slightly glaucous when young. Hills and mountains; Hon- 



Honshu (n. distr.). shu (Kanto Distr. westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea and 



Var. hondoensis Satake. /. communis var. nipponica sensu n. China. 



auct. Japon., pro parte, non Wils. Hondo-miyama-nezu. 4. Juniperus chinensis L. f. cernuaRoxh.; f. thunbergii 



Very close to variety nipponica but differs in the broader Hook. & Arn.; Sabina chinensis (L.) Ant. Ibuki, Ibuki- 



leaves, 1.7-2 mm. wide, and flatter leaves with a broad, 0.7-0.9 byakushin, Kamakura-byakushin. Much-branched dioe- 



mm. shallowly depressed white band above; cones globose cious shrub to small tree; leaves dimorphic, the scalelike leaves 



