Alismatacea£ 



127 



2. CALDESIA Pari. Maruba-omodaka Zoku 



Marsh herbs; leaves petiolate, ovate-cordate to reniform-cordate; flowers white, bisexual, pedicelled, verdcillate, in panicles or 

 racemes; sepals 3, herbaceous; petals 3, fugacious; stamens 6; carpels 6-9, nudike, in a hemispherical head on a receptacle, the 

 ovules erect, campylotropous, solitary in each carpel. ^Few species. 



1. Caldesia reniformis (D. Don) Makino. Alisma reni- 

 jorme D. Don; C. parnassifolia var. major (M. Micheli) 



Buchen.; A. parnassijolium var. majus M. Micheli Maruba- 



oMOD.\KA. Glabrous annual; leaves radical, long-peUoled, 



ovate to rounded, sometimes subreniform, 3-8 cm. long, 2-8 

 cm. wide, rounded at apex, deeply cordate at base, with 9 to 

 13 closely parallel nerves and transverse veinlets, patent; scapes 



erect, 30-100 cm. long; panicle large, 40-50 cm. long, the 

 bracts lanceolate, acuminate, the pedicels in 3's or 4's, 2-3 cm. 

 long; flowers white; sepals broadly ellipUc, 3-4 mm. long, 

 rounded at apex, many-nerved; achenes obovate, 3-3.5 mm. 

 long, biconvex, longitudinally ribbed when dry, the style per- 

 sistent, slender. Aug.-Sept. Ponds; Honshu, Shikoku, 



Kyushu. China, India, Australia, and Madagascar. 



3. SAGITTARIA L. OmodakaZoku 



Marsh or aquatic herbs, monoecious or dioecious; leaves long-pedolate, linear to sagittate, sometimes floating; inflorescence 

 racemose, terminal and solitary, on naked scapes, the pedicels verdcillate, bracteate at base; flowers white, unisexual, the stami- 

 nate usually above with 3 persistent sepals, 3 deciduous petals and usually many stamens on a conspicuous receptacle; pistillate 

 flowers with many free carpels each with a solitary ovule; stigma small; achenes many, in heads, flattened, the embryo U-shaped. 

 .\bout 50 species in the temperate and tropical regions of the world. 



lA. Racemes few-flowered; pistillate flowers sessile, only one in an inflorescence; staminate flowers 2-6, pedicellate; achenes cristate on the 



back; leaves linear to linear-oblanceolate \. S. pygmaea 



IB. Racemes many-flowered; pistillate flowers several, pedicelled; achenes entire, rostrate. 



2A. Leaves all floating, oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse at base or with 2 obtuse auricles; pistillate flowers short-pedicellate; achenes 2-3 



mm. long 2. 5. natans 



2B. Leaves raised above water, usually sagittate, sometimes oblong; pistillate flowers with pedicels about 1-2 cm. long; achenes 3-4 mm. 

 long. 

 3A. Leaves rather soft, the lateral lobes ending in an almost filiform point; stolons with a tuber at the end, without bulbils in the leaf- 



axils 3. S. trifolia 



3B. Leaves rather rigid and thick, the lateral lobes ending in an obtuse point; stolons absent; rhizomes with many bulbils in leaf 

 axils 4. 5. aginashi 



1. Sagittaria pygmaea Miq. S. sagittijolia var. oligo- numerous, in 3's at die nodes, the pistillate borne on the 

 carpa M. Micheli; S. sagittijolia var. pygmaea (Miq.) Makino lower part, the sepals ovate, obtuse at apex, 6-8 mm. long, re- 



Uri-kawa. Perennial herb; rhizomes short; stolons ab- flexed, the pedicels 1-2 cm. long, the staminate longer pedi- 



sent; leaves rosulate, linear or linear-oblanceolate, 10-15 cm. celled; petals white, twice as large as the sepals; achenes 



long, 5-8 mm. wide, acute to acuminate with an obtuse tip, broadly oblanceolate, 3-3.5 mm. long, obliquely obtriangular 



gradually narrowed to a sheath at base, petioles indistinct; inclusive of the broad wing. June-Oct. Wet places, paddy 



scapes 10-25 cm. long, few-flowered; flowers in racemes; pistil- fields, riverbanks, and ponds; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, 



late flower solitary, sessile on the lowest node, the staminate Kjojshu; common. Korea, China, and India. 



flowers few, on pedicels 10-30 mm. long; petals rounded- Var. edulis (Sieb.) Ohwi. S. sinensis Sims; S. sagittijolia 

 obovate, 8-10 mm. long; achenes narrowly obovate, about 3 var. edulis Sieb. ex Miq.; 5. sagittijolia forma sinensis (Sims) 

 mm. long, compressed, with a broad wing. June-Oct. Makino; S. trijolia var. sinensis (Sims) Makino; S. macro- 

 Muddy places, paddy fields, and ponds; Honshu (exclusive of phylla Bunge Kuwai. Tubers at apex of stolons larger; 



northernmost distr.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea, Formosa, leaves with broadly ovate midlobe. Introduced from China 



and China. and frequendy cultivated in Japan for the edible tubers. 



2. Sagittaria natans Pall. S. alpina Willd.; S. sagitti- Var. alismaefolia (Makino) Makino. S. sagittijolia var. 



jolia var. tenuior Wahlenb. Karafuto-guwai. Peren- alismaejolia Makino Hitotsuba-omodaka. Leaves entire, 



nial; leaves floating, slenderly petiolate, linear to oblong, 5-10 linear to narrowly oblong, 4-6 cm. long, 4-18 mm. wide. 



cm. long, obtuse at base or with obtuse auricles, 3-nerved; Nov. s. Kyushu. 



scapes elongate, usually to 60 cm. long; racemes simple, 1- or 4. Sagittaria aginashi Makino. S. sagittijolia var. agi- 



2-noded; pistillate flowers 1-3, below the staminate, short- nashi Makino Agi-nashi. Perennial herb, with short 



pedicelled, the staminate flowers 2-6, pedicellate; petals white; rhizomes and numerous small bulbils in leaf-axils; leaves long- 

 anthers yellow. Ponds; Hokkaido; rare. Korea, Sakha- petiolate, blades sagittate, rarely subsagittate and rounded at 



lin, Siberia, and Europe. base, die terminal lobe linear or broadly lanceolate, 7-20 cm. 



3. Sagittaria trifolia L. S. sagittijolia sensu auct. Asiat., long, 5- to 7-nerved, acuminate with an obtuse tip, the basal 

 non L.; 5. sagittijolia var. subaeqtiiloba Kegel; S. sagittijolia lobes usually a little shorter than the terminal; scapes 30-80 



var. leucopetala Miq. Omodaka. Perennial stoloniferous cm. long; inflorescence racemose, die pistillate flowers several, 



herb, the stolons slender, ending in a tuber; leaves long-petio- on die lower part, pedicelled, the staminate flowers rather long- 

 late, the blades sagittate, the basal lobes ovate to linear, the pedicelled; sepals ovate to narrowly so, obtuse, 4-7 mm. long; 

 terminal lobe 5-15 cm. long, 3- to 7-nerved, acuminate but anthers yellow; achenes obovate, inclusive of the broad wing, 



with an obtuse tip, the lateral lobes ascending, usually longer rostrate, 3-3.5 mm. long. July-Oct. Wet places, ponds, 



than the midlobe, acuminate with a filiform tip; scapes 20-80 riverbanks; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



cm. long; racemes sometimes branched at base; flowers rather 



