Gramineae 



141 



back, 6-10 mm. long, slender, only very slightly geniculate. 



May-June. Cultivated for forage and widely naturalized 



in Japan. Eurasia, N. Africa, now widely naturalized in 



temperate regions. 



3. Alopecunis aequalis Sobol. var. amurensis (Komar.) 

 Ohwi. A. jtdvtts var. amtircnsis Komar.; A. amurensis (Ko- 

 mar.) Komar.; A. julvus sensu auct. Japon., non J. E. Smith; 



A. genictdatus sensu auct. Japon., non L. Suzume-no-tep- 



p6. Soft, glabrous, tufted annual; culms 20-40 cm. long; leaf- 

 blades flat, 5-15 cm. long, 1.5-5 mm. wide, pale glaucous 

 green; ligules hyaline, pale, entire, semirounded to ovate, 2-5 

 mm. long; panicles cylindric, very dense, 3-8 cm. long, 3-5 



mm. wide, pale green; branchlets very short, slightly scabrous; 

 spikelets broadly ovate; glumes narrowly obovate, strongly 

 folded, obtuse, 3-nerved, very slightly connate, white-ciliate 

 on the keel, usually appressed-pubescent on the lateral nerve 

 beneath; lemmas nearly as long as the glumes, ovate, smooth, 

 glabrous, obtuse, obscurely 5-nerved, the margins connate be- 

 low to the middle, the awn slightly exserted, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, 

 very slender; anthers pale yellow, changing to orange-yellow 



when dry, 0.6 mm. long. Apr.-June. Cultivated fields and 



riverbanks; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; a very 



common weed. Korea, China, and e. Siberia. The typical 



phase occurs in temperate parts of the N. Hemisphere. 



9. PHLEUM L. AwAGAERi Zoku 



Annuals or perennials; leaf-blades linear; panicles cylindric, dense, with very short branches sometimes adnate to the axis; 

 spikelets 1-flowered, laterally compressed, articulate above the glumes; glumes equal, strongly plicate, truncate with a pro- 

 jecting keel at apex; lemmas shorter than the glumes, 3- to 5-nerved, laterally compressed, truncate, die callus minute, glabrous; 

 rachilla-joint not developed; palea as long as the lemma; lodicules 2; stamens 3; ovary glabrous; styles slender; stigma slender, 

 feathery, protruding above the floret. Cosmopolitan with more than a dozen species in temperate and cooler regions. 



lA. Perennials with swollen bases; glumes membranous, the keel straight, ciliate, ending in an awn 1/3-4/5 as long as the glume. 



2A. Panicles cylindric, 3-15 cm. long \. P. pratense 



2B. Panicles ellipsoid to oblong, 1.5-3 cm. long 2. P. alpinum 



IB. Annual; glumes coriaceous, obovate, slightly inflated above, glabrous or short-ciliate only near the middle on back, short-cuspidate. 



3. P. panictdatum 



1. Phleum pratense L. O-awagaeri. Perennial, with 

 svi'ollen or bulblike base; culms 50-100 cm. long, tufted, erect 

 from ascending base; leaf-blades green, 20-60 cm. long, 5-10 

 mm. wide, flat, scaberulous; ligules membranous, semirounded, 

 1-3 mm. long; panicles cylindric, 3-15 cm. long, pale green; 

 spikelets very densely arranged, 3-3.5 mm. long, obovate, flat; 

 glumes narrowly obovate, strongly plicate, membranous, trun- 

 cate, the keel green, long-ciliate, excurrent at the tip as a 

 short, rigid awn 1/4-1/3 as long as the body; florets about 1.5 



mm. long, smooth, glabrous; anthers yellowish. Pastures 



and fields; naturalized in Japan, especially common in Hok- 

 kaido. Europe and Siberia; widely naturalized as a pasture 



grass throughout all temperate regions. 



2. Phleum alpinum L. Miyama-awagaeri. Perennial, 

 from a decumbent, densely tufted base; culms 30-40 cm. long, 

 solitary to several, smooth; leaf-blades flat, glabrous, linear or 

 shortiy so; ligules membranous, slighdy yellowish, truncate to 

 semirounded, 1-2.5 mm. long; uppermost leaf-sheath slightiy 

 inflated at tip, with a short blade; panicle long-exserted, ellip- 

 soid or short-cylindric, 1.5-3 cm. long, 8-10 mm. wide, pale 

 green, sometimes slighdy purple-tinged; spikelets flattened, 

 about 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, rounded at base; glumes 

 3-nerved, rounded-truncate, the keel with hairs about 1 



mm. long, excurrent as a rigid awn about 2 mm. long; lemmas 

 about 2 mm. long, glabrous; anthers yellow, sometimes slightiy 

 purple-tinged, oblong, about 1 mm. long. July-Aug. Al- 

 pine regions; Hokkaido (Mount Taisetsu), Honshu (centr. 



distr.); rare. Formosa, Korea, Kuriles, also in alpine and 



boreal regions of the N. Hemisphere and arctic America. 



3. Phleum paniculatum Huds. Phalaris aspera Retz.; 

 Phleum asperum (Retz.) Jacq.; P. paniculatum var. annuum 

 (M. Bieb.) Griseb.; P. annuum Bieb.; P. asperum var. annuum 

 (Bieb.) Griseb.; P. japonicum Fr. & Sav.; P. asperum var. ja- 

 ponicum (Fr. & Sav.) Hack, ex Matsum.; P. paniculatum var. 



annuum forma japonicum (Fr. & Sav.) Makino Awagaeri. 



Rather tufted glabrous annual; culms 15-50 cm. long; leaf- 

 blades flat, rather soft, 2-10 cm. long, 2-5 mm. wide; ligules 

 membranous, broadly ovate to semi-rounded, 2-A mm. long; 

 panicles cylindric, 2-8 cm. long, 5-6 mm. wide, very dense, 

 yellowish green, lusterless; spikelets 2-2.5 mm. long, narrowly 

 cuneate, rather flattened; glumes coriaceous, scaberulous, ob- 

 tusely keeled, obliquely truncate at apex, rigidly mucronate; 

 lemmas about 1 mm. long, glabrous; anthers ellipsoidal, 



yellowish, 0.3-0.5 mm. long. May-June. In lowland grassy 



places; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. China, Siberia, and the 



Mediterranean region. 



10. AGROSTIS L. 



Konukagusa Zoku 



Slender, tall or short perennials; leaf-blades linear; panicles narrow or open; spikelets small, 1-flowered, articulate above the 

 glumes; glumes usually equal, sharply to loosely plicate, acute, entire, 1- to 3-nerved; lemmas usually shorter than the glumes, 

 membranous, 3- to 5-nerved, acute or obtuse, entire or rarely aristulate with excurrent nerves, dorsal awn when elongate, 

 geniculate and twisted, or awnless; callus glabrous or nearly so; rachilla usually not produced; palea smaller than the lemma, 



often gready reduced; stamens 3; ovary glabrous. About 200 species, widely distributed in cooler regions, especially abundant 



in the N. Hemisphere. 



lA. Palea more than half as long as the lemma, 2-keeled. 



2A. Branches of panicle spreading, effuse, naked at base; ligules 3-5 mm. long, truncate 1. A. gigantca 



2B. Branches of panicle spreading and effuse only at anthesis, erect or appressed to the axis at maturity; ligules quadrangular to broadly 

 ovate 2. A. stolonijera 



