Gramineae 



147 



4-toothed at apex, awned near the middle, the awn geniculate 

 and twisted, usually twice as long as the lemma, long-exserted; 



callus-hairs 2/3-3/4 as long as the lemma. July-Sept. 



Mountains; Honshu (Yamato, Tajima, Hoki Prov., to centr. 

 and n. distr.) ; radier rare and variable. 

 Var. longearistata (Takeda) Ohwi. C. grandiseta Takeda, 



including var. longearistata Takeda O-higegari-yasu, 



Naga-higegari-yasu. Culms 20-40 cm. long, with a few 

 rusty-brown, membranous, leafless sheaths at base; panicle- 

 branches shorter; spikelets 5-6 mm. long, the awn thicker and 



longer, usually below the middle of the lemma. High 



mountains; Honshu (centr. distr. and north.). 



12. Calamagrostis masamunei Honda. Yakushima- 

 NocARi-YAsu. Similar to the preceding, but the culms 15-40 

 cm. long; leaf-blades loosely involute, 5-15 cm. long, about 2 

 mm. wide; sheaths usually longer than the internodes, ligules 

 about 1 mm. long; panicle about 3 cm. long, lax, the 2- to 3- 

 nate branches and branchlets scabrous; spikelets 4-5 mm. long; 

 lemma awned below the middle; callus-hairs 1/2-2/3 as long 

 as the lemma. High mountains in Kyushu (Yakushima). 



13. Calamagrostis faiiriei Hack. Ancistrochloa fauriei 



(Hack.) Honda Kanitsuri-nogari-yasu. Closely allied 



to C. longiseta var. Longearistata; culms with few membranous 

 rusty-brown, withering, bladeless sheaths at base; leaf-blades 

 2-A mm. wide, rather thin, slighdy scabrous above, smooth 

 beneath; ligules 2-4 mm. long; panicles 5-10 cm. long, broadly 

 lanceolate to narrowly ovate; spikelets 5-7 mm. long, reddish 

 brown, rarely pale green; lemma 5-nerved, the lateral nerves 

 and 1 or 2 apical teeth excurrent into erect awns about 1-4 

 mm. long, the dorsal awn from below the apex of die lemma, 

 rather stout, prominendy geniculate and twisted, 2 or 3 times 

 as long as the lemma; callus-hairs 1/4-1/3 as long as the 

 lemma; rachilla prolonged into an exserted, erect, scaberulous 



awn. July- Aug. Grassy alpine slopes; Honshu (centr. 



distr. and northw. on Japan Sea side) ; rare. 



14. Calamagrostis tashiroi Ohwi. Tashirogari-yasu. 

 Slender perennial, without stolons; culms 20-40 cm. long; 

 leaf-blades flat, membranous, narrowly lanceolate, 8-13 cm. 

 long, 4-10 mm. wide, the sheaths pilose around the mouth; 

 ligules 1-2 (-3) mm. long; panicles narrowly ovate, 5-8 cm. 

 long, the branches 2- to 3-nate, scabrous; spikelets pale green, 

 narrowly lanceolate, 5-6 mm. long, acuminate; glumes equal, 

 nearly smooth; lemma sHghtly shorter than the glumes, 

 broadly lanceolate, 3-nerved; awn just below the tip of lemma, 

 included or slighdy exserted, geniculate, twisted; callus-hairs 

 very short at the back, 1/4-1/3 as long as the lemma on the 

 sides. Aug.-Sept. Mountains; Shikoku, Kyushu; rare. 



15. Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Roth. var. brachy- 

 tricha (Steud.) Hack. C. nipponica Fr. & Sav.; C. sciuroides 



Fr. & Sav.; C. robiista Fr. & Sav.; C. arundinacea var. nip- 

 ponica (Fr. & Sav.) Hack.; C. arundinacea var. robusta (Fr. & 



Sav.) Nakai ex Honda Nogari-yasu, Saidocaya. Slender 



to stout usually tufted perennial; culms 60-150 cm. long, rather 

 rigid; leaf-blades rather flat to loosely involute, 30-60 cm. long, 

 6-12 mm. wide, somedmes pilose; ligules 2-5 mm. long; pani- 

 cles 10-50 cm. long, die branches semiverricillate, scabrous; 

 spikelets broadly lanceolate, very acute, 4-5(-6) mm. long; 

 glumes equal; lemma nearly as long as the glumes, 5-nerved, 

 the awn arising just above base, exserted, geniculate, twisted; 

 callus-hairs unequal, very short at back of the lemma, V^-Vi 



as long as the lemma at the sides. Aug.-Oct. Mountains 



and hills; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; very com- 

 mon and variable. e. Asia. 



Var. inaequata Hack. Saishu-nogari-yasu. Culms 

 slender; panicles pale green; first glume longer, short-caudate. 

 Kyushu. Korea. 



Var. adpressiramea (Ohwi) Ohwi. C. adpressiramea 

 Ohwi KoEANA-NOGARi-YAsu. Culms stout, smooth; pani- 

 cles more strict, densely spiculose, the branches erect, appressed 

 to the axis; spikelets 3-3.5 mm. long, dull. Mountains; Kyu- 

 shu; rare. The typical phase is widespread in Eurasia. 



16. Calamagrostis purpurascens R. Br. C. arundinacea 

 f. purpurascens (R. Br.) Gelert ex Ostenf.; C. urelytra Hack. 

 MiYAMA-NOGARi-YASu. Glabrous, low, rather stout per- 

 ennial, with erect or ascending innovation shoots; culms 

 loosely tufted, ascending, covered at base with the sheaths of 

 radical leaves; radical leaves to 30 cm. long, the blades invo- 

 lute or loosely so, 3-8 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, smooth be- 

 neath; ligules ovate, 1.5-3 mm. long; panicles narrowly ovate 

 to lanceolate-cylindric, 2-8 cm. long, densely spiculose, the 

 branches short, semiverticillate, usually scabrous; spikelets 

 short-pedicelled, 5-10 mm. long, acuminate, sometimes pur- 

 plish, rather strongly flattened; glumes equal or unequal, nar- 

 rowly lanceolate, scaberulous, attenuately acuminate; lemma 

 much shorter than the glumes, 5-nerved, minutely 4-toothed, 

 the awn arising just above the base, rather stout, geniculate, 

 twisted, exserted; callus-hairs on the sides 1/5-1/3 as long as 

 the lemma; rachilla rarely terminating in a small, usually 



rudimentary second floret. July-Aug. Alpine regions; 



Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. distr. and northw.).- Kuriles, 



Kamchatka, e. Siberia, and N. America. 



The following hybrids or reputed hybrids occur in our area: 



Calamagrostis hakonensis X C. langsdorffii. C. aris- 



tata Ohwi Shikoku-gari-yasu. Calamagrostis epi- 



geios X C. langsdorffii; Calamagrostis langsdorffii X C. 

 matsumurae; Calamagrostis langsdorffii X C. neglecta 

 var. aculeolata. 



15. ARRHENATHERUM Beauv. O-kani-tsuri Zoku 



Perennial; leaf-blades flat. Linear; spikelets 2-flowered, disarticulating above the glumes, slighdy compressed laterally, the 

 lower floret staminate, long-awned, the upper bisexual, awnless or nearly so; glumes 2, unequal, membranous, 1- to 3-nerved, the 

 first shorter than the spikelet, the second as long as the spikelet; lemmas 5- to 7-nerved, acute, not keeled, the lower long- 

 awned from the base; callus hairy; rachilla prolonged beyond the upper floret, glabrous; palea nearly as long as the lemma; 

 stamens 3; ovary hairy. Species few, in temperate regions of the Old World. 



1. Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Presl. Avena elatior L.; 

 Holcus avcnaceus Scop.; Arrhenatherum avenaccum (Scop.) 



Beauv. O-kani-tsuri. Tall perennial; culms 70-125 cm. 



long; leaf-blades membranous, 15-25 cm. long, 7-10 mm. 



wide, scabrous; ligules hyaline, 1-2 mm. long; panicles 10-25 

 cm. long, erect, the branches semiverticillate; spikelets 8-9 mm. 

 long, lustrous, pale green to fulvous green; glumes keeled, the 

 lower 4-5 mm. long, the lemma sparingly long-pilose on back. 



