Gramineae 



149 



1. Trisehim spicatum (L.) Richt. Aira spicata L.; A. 



subspicata L.; T. subspicatum (L.) Beauv. Rishiri-kani- 



TSURi. Low tufted perennial; culms 15-30 cm. long, erect, 

 usually densely pubescent in upper part; leaf-blades soft, flat, 

 5-10 cm. long, 2-5 mm. wide, usually densely white-villous; 

 li gules 1-2 mm. long; panicles cylindric, spikelike, 3-10 cm. 

 long, 7-15 mm. wide, the branches short, white-pubescent; 

 spikelets 2- to 3-flowered, pale yellowish green, sometimes 

 somewhat purple-tinged, 5-6 mm. long; glumes unequal, 

 acuminate, the first 3-4 mm., the second 4-5 mm. long; lem- 

 mas 4-5 mm. long, obscurely 5-nerved, very acute, the awn 

 arising slightly below the tip, exserted, geniculate, 4-7 mm. 

 long; ovary glabrous. — — July-Aug. Grassy places in alpine 



regions; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. distr.); very rare. 



Cooler regions and at high elevations in the Tropics. 



Var. kitadakense (Honda) Ohwi. Trisetum l{itada\ense 

 Honda Kitadake-kani-tsuri. Glabrescent, only spar- 

 ingly pilose on axis of panicles and pedicels. Honshu 



(Mounts Kitadake and Senjo in Kai). 



2. Trisetum koidzumianum Ohwi. T. agrostidetim 

 sensu Koidz., non Fries; T. fiavescens var. variegatum sensu 

 Honda, non Asch. & Graebn. Miyama-kani-tsuri. Peren- 

 nial with very short rhizomes; stolons absent; culms some- 

 what tufted, 15-20 (-40) cm. long, slender, with long, spread- 

 ing, white hairs except in upper part; leaf-blades flat, thin, 

 5-15 cm. long, 2-4 nam. wide, pilose or glabrous; sheaths 

 pubescent; ligules 1-2 mm. long; panicles 5-7(-10) cm. long, 

 rather dense, glabrous, 8-15 mm. wide, the branches 3- to 5- 

 nate, short, smooth; spikelets 2-flowered, 4.5-5.5 mm. long, 

 pale yellowish green, sometimes variegated with purple; 

 glumes 3-3.5 mm. long, 3-nerved; lemmas about 4 mm. long, 

 nearly smooth, membranous, acuminate and minutely biden- 

 tate, the awn slightly twisted, about 5 mm. long; callus ap- 



pressed-puberulent. July-Aug. Alpine meadows; Honshu 



(centr. distr.) ; very rare. 



3. Trisetum bifidum (Thunb.) Ohwi. Bromus bifidus 

 Thunb.; T. fiavescens sensu auct. Japon., non Beauv.; T. 

 flai'csccns \'ar. papillosum Hack, and var. macranthtim Hack.; 



T. biaristatum Nakai; T. taquetii Hack. Kani-tsurigusa. 



Rather weak perennial with short innovation shoots at base; 

 culms 40-80 cm. long; leaf-blades flat, thin, soft, 10-20 cm. 

 long, 3-5 mm. wide, often whitish pubescent; ligules 0.5-1.5 

 mm. long; panicles nodding, 10-20 cm. long, 2-5 cm. wide, the 

 branches geminate; spikelets 6-8 mm. long, lustrous, yellowish 

 brown or pale green, sometimes somewhat purplish, 2- to 

 3-flowered; glumes lanceolate, the first 2-3 mm., the second 

 5-7 mm. long; lemmas 5-7 mm. long, rigid-chartaceous, very 

 scabrous, with hyaline margins, attenuate at apex into 2 awn- 

 like points, the awn from below the tip, 6-10 mm. long, 



geniculate, twisted; callus short-bearded; anthers oblong. 



May-June. Hills and lowlands; Hokkaido (w. distr.), Hon- 

 shu, Shikoku, Kyushu; very common. Korea, China, and 



Formosa. 



4. Trisetum sibiricum Rupr. T. fiavescens var. genu- 

 inum Hack., pro parte; T. fiavescens var. purpurascens sensu 

 auct. Japon., non Arcang.; T. fiavescens var. sibiricum (Rupr.) 



Ostenf.; T. homochlamys Honda Chishima-kani-tsuri. 



Culms rather tall, 50-100 cm. long; leaf-blades 15-25 cm. long, 

 4-10 mm. wide, sometimes sparingly pilose, flat; ligules 1-3 

 mm. long; panicles rather broad, sometimes slightly nodding, 

 the branches subverticillate; spikelets yellowish brown or 

 rarely pale green, usually purple-variegated, 6-10 mm. long, 

 3- to 5-flowered; glumes somewhat unequal, acuminate, lanceo- 

 late, the first 3-4 mm., the second 5-7 mm. long; lemmas 

 broadly lanceolate, 6-7 mm. long, short-acuminate, charta- 

 ceous; the awn 7-12 mm. long, prominently geniculate and 



twisted; anthers linear; ovary glabrous. July-Aug. Grassy 



places; lowlands and low mountains in Hokkaido, high moun- 

 tains of Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. e. Europe, Siberia, 



China, Manchuria, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, and Alaska. 



19. KOELERIA Pers. 



MiNO-BORO ZOKU 



Tufted perennials or annuals; leaf-blades flat or involute, linear; panicles narrow; spikelets 2- to 4-flowered, compressed, 

 lustrous, articulate above the glumes; glumes membranous, the second slightly broader, 1- to 3-nerved, keeled, acute; lemmas 

 thick-membranous, obscurely 5-nerved, obtusely keeled, acute to bidentate, awnless or short-awned just below the apex; callus 

 glabrous; rachilla nearly glabrous; palea 2-keeled, membranous; stamens 3; ovary glabrous; caryopsis free, not adherent to the 

 lemma and palea. Thirty to forty species in temperate regions. 



1. Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers. Aira cristata L.; K. 

 gracilis Pers.; K. tol{iensis Domin; K. gracilis var. tol{iensis 

 (Domin) Honda; K. cristata var. to^iensis (Domin) Ohwi 



MiNo-BORO. Densely tufted perennial; culms 20-40 cm. 



long, pubescent; leaf-blades flat, thin, 5-15 cm. long, 1.5-3 mm. 

 wide; ligules 0.2-0.5 mm. long, ciliolate; panicles erect, com- 

 pact, cylindric, 5-15 cm. long, 6-15 mm. wide, the branches 

 short; spikelets silvery green, lustrous, 4-5 mm. long, com- 

 pressed, 3- to 4-flowered; glumes rather unequal, lanceolate, 

 acuminate, sometimes pilose on the keel; lemma broadly 



lanceolate, 3.5-5 mm. long; callus glabrous; rachilla puberu- 



lent; anthers 1.5-2 mm. long. May-July. Lowlands and 



mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; rather com- 

 mon. Widely distributed in the temperate regions of the 



N. Hemisphere. 

 Koeleria phleoides (Vill.) Pers. Festuca phleoides Vill. 



MiNo-BORO-MODOKi. Annual with much denser panicles 



and awned lemmas. European introduction recentiy 



brought to our area. 



20. DESCHAJVIPSIA Beauv. Kome-susuki Zoku 



Slender, rather tall perennials, rarely annuals; leaf-blades linear to filiform; panicles open; spikelets 2- to 4-flowered, articulate 

 above the glumes and between the florets; glumes equal, membranous, 1- to 3-nerved, keeled, as long as or longer than the 

 florets; lemmas membranous, lustrous, ovate to oblong, rounded on the back, rather truncate and with l-A hyaline teeth at 

 apex, the lateral nerves not reaching to the margin, the mid-nerve excurrent into a geniculate or erect awn; callus hairy; rachilla- 

 joints pilose; palea membranous, 2-keeled; stamens 3; ovary glabrous; caryopsis free widiin the lemma and palea, shallowly 

 grooved ventrally. More than a dozen species in the cooler and alpine regions of the world. 



