150 



Gramineae 



lA. Lemma membranous, nearly as long as the glumes; anthers 1.5-2.5 mm. long; leaf -blades somewhat involute to rather flat, glabrous. 



2A. Awn distinctly geniculate and twisted; leaf-blades filiform 1. D. flexuosa 



2B. Awn suberect; leaf-blades folded and acuminate or rather flat 2. D. caespitosa 



IB. Lemma rather rigid, lustrous, much shorter than the thin glumes; anthers about 0.8 mm. long; leaf -blades short, flat, puberulent. 



3. D. atropurpurea var. paramushirensis 



1. Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. Aira flexuosa L. 

 KoME-susuKi. Densely tufted perennial with short rhi- 

 zomes; culms slender, 20-60 cm. long, smooth; leaves mostly 

 radical, the blades filiform, folded, 5-15 cm. long, 0.5-1 nam. 

 wide, smooth, glabrous, acute; ligules 1-1.5 mm. long; panicles 

 very loose and open, nearly as broad as long, 5-12 cm. long, 

 the branches 2- to 3-nate, capillary, spreading, nearly smooth; 

 spikelets lustrous, 2-flowered, 4-6 mm. long, purplish; glumes 

 equal, hyaline toward the margin, acuminate, narrowly ovate, 

 1-nerved, nearly smooth, glabrous; lemmas ovate, obscurely 

 5-nerved, slightly shorter than to as long as the glumes, 

 4-denticulate at apex, the awn arising near the base, slightly 

 twisted and geniculate, 5-7 mm. long; callus-hairs about 1 mm. 

 long; rachilla-joints appressed-puberulent; anthers 2-2.5 mm. 

 long. July-Aug. Bare ground of volcanoes and alpine re- 

 gions; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. and n. distr. and on Mount 

 Omine in Yamato and Mount Daisen in Hoki), Shikoku, Kyu- 

 shu; common. Alpine and boreal regions of Eurasia and 



N. America. 



2. Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv. var. festucae- 

 folia Honda. D. caespitosa sensu auct. Japon., non Beauv.; 

 D. brevifolia sensu auct. Japon., non R. Br.; D. caespitosa 



subsp. orie!2talis Hult. Hiroha-no-kome-susuki. Densely 



tufted, glabrous pereimial without stolons; culms slender, 

 15-70 cm. long; leaf-blades folded to rather flat, 5-15 cm. long, 

 1-3 mm. wide, acute, strongly nerved above, acute; ligules 3-7 

 mm. long, hyaline; panicles erect or nodding, 5-20 cm. long, 

 the branches spreading to ascending, somewhat scabrous; 

 spikelets 2- to 3-flowered, 5-7 mm. long, lustrous; glumes 

 lanceolate, acuminate or acute, nearly smooth, membranous, 

 the first 2.5-3 mm. long, 1-nerved, slightly shorter than the 

 lemma, the second 3-nerved, 3-4.5 mm. long; lemmas 3.5-4.5 

 mm. long, obscurely 5-nerved, truncate and 4-toothed at apex, 

 the awn exserted about the middle of the lemma, nearly erect, 

 slightly or scarcely exserted, 2-4 mm. long; callus-hairs 

 2/5-1/4 as long as the lemma; anthers 1.5-2.5(-3) mm. long. 

 July-Aug. High mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. 



distr. and northw.), Kyushu; rather common and very vari- 

 able. This variety differs from the typical phase of Eurasia and 

 N. America in the shorter culms, more scabrous panicle- 

 branches, and slightly larger spikelets, but numerous inter- 

 mediates are known. 



Var. levis (Takeda) Ohwi. Trisetum leve Takeda; D. 



takedana Honda Yubari-kani-tsuri. Woodland form 



with taller slender culms, nodding panicles and linear-lanceo- 

 late second glume not exceeded by the tips of the florets. 



Reported from Mount Yubari in Hokkaido. 



Var. macrothyrsa Ohwi & Tatew. D. macrothyrsa Tatew. 



& Ohwi Oni-kome-susuki. Distinct phase of moist 



ground, taller, with culms about 1 m. long, with larger and 

 more effuse panicles about 30 cm. long, the second glumes 

 linear-lanceolate, the florets not longer than the tip of the 

 glumes. Lowlands near Nemuro in Hokkaido. 



3. Deschampsia atropmrpurea Wahlenb. var. para- 

 mushirensis Kudo. T). atropurpurea sensu auct. Japon., non 

 Wahl.; D. pacifica Tatew. & Ohwi; Vahlodea atropurpurea 

 subsp. paramushirensis (Kudo) Hult.; V. flexuosa (Honda) 

 Ohwi; Erioblastus flexuosus Honda, non Aira flexuosa L.; V. 



paramushirensis (Kudo) Roshev. Takane-kome-susoki, 



YuKi-wARiGAYA. Whitish-pubcscent, soft perennial; culms 

 slender, 15-40 cm. long, tufted; leaf-blades flat, thin, 5-10 cm. 

 long, l-A mm. wide, glaucescent, short-acuminate; ligules 1-2 

 mm. long; panicles very loose, sometimes nodding, 7-12 cm. 

 long, 5-7 cm. wide, the branches few, geminate, filiform, with 

 few spikelets toward apex; spikelets 2-flowered, about 5 mm. 

 long, flattened, reddish purple, glaucescent, dull; glumes equal, 

 narrowly ovate, folded, acuminate, finely puberulent; lemmas 

 broadly ovate, 2-2.5 mm. long, included, lustrous, awned from 

 the middle, the awn longer than the lemma, twisted and 



slightly geniculate; anthers short. July-Aug. Grassy slopes 



of alpine regions; Hokkaido (Mount Taisetsu); very rare. 



N. Kuriles, Kamchatka, and Aleutians. The typical phase oc- 

 curs in n. Eurasia and N. America. 



21. HOLCUS L. 



Shiragegaya Zoku 



Perennials with flat leaf -blades; spikelets in contracted panicles, 2-flowered, compressed, articulate above the pedicel and 

 falling entire; lower floret bisexual, awnless, the upper staminate and awned; glumes unequal, folded, membranous, longer 

 than the florets; lemmas chartaceous, lustrous, 5-nerved, glabrous, the awn from the back, sometimes curved, short; callus 

 glabrous; rachilla slender, glabrous, not prolonged beyond the upper floret. About 10 species, in Europe and Africa. 



1. Holcus lanatus L. Nothoholcus lanatus (L.) Nash sometimes tinged reddish purple, villous; anthers about 2 mm. 



Shiragegaya. Densely grayish velvety-pubescent, soft long. European introduction, naturalized and locally abun- 



perennial; culms 30-80 cm. long; panicles erect, 8-15 cm. long, dant. 

 1.5-3 cm. wide; spikelets 4-5 mm. long, pale glaucous-green. 



22. ACHNATHERUM Beauv. HanegayaZokd 



Perennials with short rhizomes and flat or involute leaf-blades; panicles erect, elongate; spikelets bisexual, terete, broadly 

 lanceolate to narrowly ovoid, 1-flowered; glumes equal, lanceolate or narrowly ovate, acute to acuminate, membranous with 

 hyaline margins; lemma nearly as long as the glumes, involute, obscurely 5-nerved, usually pubescent, the awn exserted be- 

 tween the minute terminal teeth, slightly geniculate, twisted, scabrous to plumose; callus short, obtuse; rachilla not produced 

 beyond the floret; palea enclosed in the involute lemma, 2-nerved; lodicules 3; stamens 3, the anthers glabrous or pilose at 

 apex; ovary glabrous. More than a dozen species, in Eurasia and N. America. 



