152 



Gramineae 



epaleate; lemmas oblong, obtuse, usually pubescent, bifid, shorter than to as long as the second glume, usually awned; fertile 



floret smaller, lustrous, ovate, smooth; palea 1-nerved, folded; stamens 2; ovary glabrous; stigmas long and slender. More 



than a dozen species, in temperate regions of the N. Hemisphere and in high mountains of the Tropics. 



lA. Panicles spikelike; sterile florets 2/5-3/5 as long as the second glume; tufted perennial without rhizomes 1. A. odoratiim 



IB. Panicles densely spiculose, sometimes spikelike; sterile florets as long as the second glume or slightly shorter; perennial with short 

 rhizomes 2. A. japonicum 



1. Anthoxanthum odoratum L. Harugaya. Erect, 

 slender, tufted perennial or annual; culms 20-50 cm. long, 

 sometimes loosely pubescent; leaf-blades flaccid, flat, 5-10 cm. 

 long, 3-6 mm. wide, usually loosely pubescent; ligules ovate, 

 2-4 mm. long; panicles long-exserted, spikelike, sometimes in- 

 terrupted, broadly lanceolate-cylindric, 4-7 cm. long, 7-15 mm. 

 wide, the branches short, scabrous, usually sparsely pilose; 

 spikelets lanceolate, lustrous, 8-10 mm. long, fulvous-yellow 

 or yellowish green; glumes strongly unequal, folded, some- 

 times sparingly long-pilose, the first narrowly ovate, acumi- 

 nate, 1-nerved, 3-6 mm. long, the second broadly lanceolate, 

 3-nerved, 8-10 mm. long; sterile lemmas narrowly oblong, 

 brown-pubescent except the tip, the lower one with a short 

 erect awn slightly below the apex, the upper with a geniculate, 

 twisted awn about 7-9 mm. long from the middle; fertile floret 

 brown, about 2 mm. long, lustrous; anthers 4-5.5 mm. long. 

 ^May-July. Introduced and naturalized; Hokkaido, Hon- 

 shu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. Europe and Siberia, now 



naturalized widely in temperate regions. 



Var. furumii (Honda) Ohwi. A. nipponicum Honda, incl. 



var. furumii Honda Miyama-harugaya. Plant glabrous; 



panicles cylindric, not broadened in lower part, glabrous; 

 sterile florets 3.5-4 mm. long, the lemmas glabrous on the 



upper third. July-Aug. Indigenous in alpine regions; 



Hokkaido (Mount Rishiri), Honshu (Akaishi Mountain 

 Range) ; very rare. Korea. 



2. Anthoxanthum japonicum (Maxim.) Hack. Hiero- 



chlo'e japonica Maxim. Takane-kobo. Perennial; culms 



slender, 20-60 cm. long; leaf-blades 10-20 cm. long, 4-10 mm. 

 wide, flat or with slightly involute margins, smooth or nearly 

 so, glabrous beneath, sparsely pilose above; ligules truncate or 

 acute, 2-6 mm. long; panicles 5-10 cm. long, usually nodding, 

 lustrous, rather densely spiculose, the branches geminate, 

 smooth, often with a few hairs just below the spikelets; spike- 

 lets oblong, rather compressed, 5-7 mm. long, brownish green; 

 glumes unequal, membranous, folded, glabrous, the first ovate, 

 3-4 mm. long, abruptly acute, 1-nerved, the second broadly 

 lanceolate, 5-7 mm. long, gradually acuminate, 3-nerved; 

 sterile lemmas chartaceous, brown, nearly as long as the up- 

 per glume, with long, brown hairs except at the bifid apex, 

 the lower with a short erect awn from above the middle, the 

 upper with a geniculate, twisted awn 4-5 mm. long, inserted 



near the base; anthers 2-2.5 mm. long. June-July. In 



mountains; Honshu (centr. and n. distr. and Mount Omine in 

 Yamato) . 



Var. sikokianum (Ohwi) Ohwi. A. si\p\ianum Ohwi 



IsHizucHi-KOBo. Leaf-blades loosely involute, 2-6 mm. wide; 

 panicles denser, the second glume oblong-ovate, abruptly acu- 

 minate. July-Aug. High mountains; Shikoku, Kyushu 



(Yakushima). 



27. HIEROCHLOE R. Br. Kobo Zoku 



Stoloniferous fragrant perennials; radical leaves elongate, the cauline short, the upper with slighdy inflated sheaths; spikelets 

 paniculate, slighdy flattened, 3-flowered, articulate above the glumes; lower 2 florets staminate, disarticulating with the fertile 

 floret, the uppermost bisexual, fertile; lemma of sterile floret chartaceous to coriaceous, pubescent, bifid, often awned; callus 

 short, glabrous or short-hairy; palea 2-keeled; stamens 3; fertile lemma glabrous or ciliate toward the summit, lustrous, awn- 

 less; palea 3-nerved; caryopsis glabrous, free within the lemma and palea. About 10 species, in temperate regions. 



lA. Lemma of upper staminate floret with a long geniculate awn, that o£ the lower awnless; ligules truncate, ciliolate, less than 0.5 mm. 



long 1 . H. alpina 



IB. Lemmas of both staminate florets awnless or with a short erect awn; ligules 1-4 mm. long. 



2A. Lemmas of staminate florets membranous, with hairy callus; leaf-blades smooth, glabrous 2. H. pluriflora 



2B. Lemmas of staminate florets coriaceous, with hairy or glabrous callus; leaf-blades and sheaths usually scabrous to short-pilose. 



3. H. odorala var. pubescens 



1. Hierochloe alpina (Sw.) Roem. & Schult. Aira al- 

 pina Liljebl., non L.; Holcus alpinus Sw. Miyama-kobo. 



Glabrous perennial with ascending, branching rhizomes; culms 

 slender, 15-30 cm. long, covered with few, whitish, lustrous 

 sheaths of the old leaves at base; leaf-blades 1-2 mm. wide, 

 less than 10 mm. long, flat or nearly so, the basal blades 

 elongate, to 30 cm. long, involute, lustrous, 1-2 mm. wide; 

 ligules 0.2-0.5 mm. long; sheaths lustrous, often tinged with 

 red-purple; panicles 1.5-3 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. wide, oblong, 

 with 10-12 spikelets, the branches short, geminate; spikelets 

 5-6 mm. long, lustrous, yellowish brown, narrowly obovate, 

 with an exserted awn; glumes 3-nerved, papery, smooth, gla- 

 brous, obmse, as long as or slighdy longer than the florets. 

 July-Aug. Alpine regions; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. 



distr.). Arctic regions and high mountains of the N. 



Hemisphere. Forma monstruosa (Koidz.) Ohwi. H. al- 

 pina var. monstruosa Koidz.; H. monstruosa (Koidz.) Honda 



0-miyama-k6bo. Viviparous phase. Hokkaido. 



2. Hierochloe pluriilora Koidz. H. pauciflora sensu 



auct. Japon., non R. Br. Ezo-kobo. Rhizomes short, 



creeping; culms loosely tufted, 20-40 cm. long, slender; radical 

 leaves 30-40 cm. long, the blades involute, 1-4 mm. wide, or 

 5-6 mm. wide when flattened; culm-blades lanceolate, very 

 short, on slightly inflated sheaths; ligules deltoid, ciliolate; 

 panicles open, 2-3 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. wide, pedicels usually 

 with a few hairs at apex; spikelets usually several, ovate, 5-6 

 mm. long, pale yellowish brown, lustrous; glumes equal, ovate, 

 papery, 3-nerved, slightly longer than the florets, obtuse; 



