Gramineae 153 



lemmas of the staminate florets membranous, awnless or nearly lanceolate, 1-4 cm. long, rather flat; sheaths usually short- 

 so, 4.5-5.5 mm. long. July-Aug. Alpine regions; Hok- pilose; ligules truncate to obtuse, glabrous, 1.5-3 mm. long; 



kaido (Mount Yubari) ; very rare. panicles broadly ovate, open, 4-8 cm. long, lustrous, the 



Var. intermedia (Hack.) Ohwi. H. alpina var. intermedia branches 2- to 3-nate, spreading; spikelets broadly obovate. 



Hack.; H. intermedia (Hack.) Kawano Ezo-yama-k6b6. 4-6 mm. long, slightly flattened, yellowish brown, awnless; 



Lemmas of both bise.\ual and staminate florets distinctly short- glumes smooth, papery, ovate, acute, l-nerved, the upper with 



awned. June-July. Hokkaido (w. distr.) ; very rare. a pair of short lateral nerves; lemmas of staminate florets 



3. Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. var. pubescens scabrous above, rounded on back, ciliate, obtuse, usually awn- 



Krylov. H. bungeana Trin.; H. odorata sensu auct. Japon., less; callus glabrous, rarely with a tuft of short hairs; fertile 



non Beauv.; H. borealis sensu auct. Japon., non Roem. & floret smooth. Apr.-June. Dry, grassy places; Hokkaido, 



Sc\i\i\t.;H. odorata var. sachalinensisVnnxz; H. odorata ixxhs^. Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. Kuriies, Sakhalin, 



pubescens (Krylov) Hara Kobo. Culms 20-50 cm. long, Korea, and Siberia. The typical phase occurs in temperate re- 



rather slender; radical leaves elongate, 20-40 cm. long, loosely gions of theN. Hemisphere, 

 involute to nearly flat, scabrous, 2-5 mm. wide, the cauline 



28. BRACHYPODIUM Beauv. Yama-kamojigusa Zoku 



Perennials or annuals with linear leaf-blades and nearly sessile, many-flowered spikelets solitary at each node of an elongate 

 axis, subcylindric, not twisted, articulate above the glumes and between the florets; glumes several-nerved, not keeled, 

 acuminate; lemmas firm, rounded on back, 5(-7)-nerved, acuminate and with a straight awn at apex; palea usually as long as 



the body of the lemma, 2-keeled; stamens 3; ovary with a pubescent beak; caryopsis adherent to the lemma and palea. About 



20 species, in temperate regions and in high mountains of the Old World Tropics. 



1. Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) Beauv. Festuca glumes unequal, lanceolate, acuminate, the lower 5-7 mm. 



sylvatica Huds.; F. misera Thunb.; B. miserum (Thunb.) long, 3- to 4-nerved, the upper 8-11 mm. long, 7- to 8-nerved; 



Koidz. Yama-kamojigusa. More or less pilose, tufted lemmas lanceolate, 10-12 mm. long, acute, slightly scabrous, 



perennial with short rhizomes; cuhns rather rigid, 48-80 cm. the apical awn straight, 5-10 mm. long; palea slighdy shorter 



long; leaf-blades flat or loosely involute, 10-20 cm. long, 5-10 than the lemma; anthers 2-3 mm. long. June-July. 



mm. wide, narrowed at both ends; racemes nodding or Woods; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; very common. 



pendulous, 7-13 cm. long; spikelets about 10, erect, pale green, Temperate regions of die Old World. 



15-30 mm. long, 4- to 10-flowered; pedicels about 1 mm. long; 



29. AGROPYRON Gaertn. Kamojigusa Zoku 



Perennials (few annuals) sometimes with creeping rhizomes; leaf-blades linear; inflorescence loosely to densely spicate, the 

 spikelets solitary and alternate on a continuous rachis, very rarely in 2's or 4's, never twisted, 3- to 10-flowered, green, sessile; 

 glumes firm, flat or keeled, linear to lanceolate; lemmas somewhat coriaceous to chartaceous, scabrous to pilose, rounded on 

 back, 5-nerved, awned from the apex or awnless; palea 2-keeled; stamens 3; ovary with a hairy beak; caryopsis adherent to the 

 lemma and palea. About 100 species, in all cooler regions. 



lA. Plants with long creeping rhizomes; lemmas awnless or short-awned; anthers 4-6 mm. long \. A. repens 



IB. Plants without creeping rhizomes; lemmas commonly long-awned; anthers 1-3 mm. long. 

 2A. Glumes narrowly oblong, acute, sometimes 2-toothed and awn-pointed; lemmas 1- or 2-toothed at apex, the awn recurved when 

 dried; palea distinctly shorter than the lemma, rounded to cmarginate, the internerve oblanceolate, slighdy broadened above. 



2. A. ciliare 

 2B. Glumes lanceolate to broadly so, narrowed at tip, sometimes awned, entire; palea as long as the lemma or nearly so, the 

 internerve lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, not broadened above. 

 3A. Callus prominently scabrous or appressed scabrous-pilose; woods in mountains. 



4A. Spike erect; awns more or less recun'ed i. A. gmelinii var. tenuisettim 



43. Spike nodding, slender; awns erect '\. A. yezoense 



33. Callus smooth, glabrous or nearly so; grassy places in low mountains and in cultivated fields. 



5A. Spikelets always appressed to the rachis; spikes usually erect; keels of palea scarcely winged, ciliate with rather rigid, short 



hairs, the internerve linear-oblong; leaf-sheaths not ciliate; wet, sunny places 5. A. humidum 



53. Spikelets ascending at anthesis, appressed to the rachis before and after anthesis; spikes nodding; keels of palea winged, minutely 

 serrulate-scabrous, the internerve lanceolate, usually narrowed above; leaf-sheaths usually ciliate; waste places and low 

 mountains S. A. tsiik.ushiense 



1. AgropyTon repens (L.) P. Beauv. Triticum repens ceolate, 7-11 mm. long, glabrous, nearly awnless or with a 



L.; Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv.; A. sachalinense Honda short, straight awn 2-A mm. long; anthers linear, 4-6 mm. 



Shiba-mugi. Erect perennial, with long creeping rhizomes; long. Naturalized in Hokkaido and Honshu; rather rare. 



culms rather rigid, 40-80 cm. long; leaf-blades nearly flat, Europe, Mediterranean region, Siberia, n. China, Sakhalin, 



green or glaucous-green, 3-8 mm. wide; ligules very short; and N. America. 



spikes erect, 7-15 cm. long, the spikelets green or glaucous- 2. Agropyron ciliare (Trin.) Franch. var. minus (Miq.) 



green, 10-17 mm. long, 5- to 7-flowered; glumes equal, lanceo- Ohwi. Brachypodium japonicum var. minor Miq.; A. ciliare 



late, 7-12 mm. long, acuminate, 5- to 7-nerved; lemmas Ian- sensu auct. Japon., non Franch.; Bromus racemijer Steud. 



