Gramineae 



155 



1. Lolium perenne L. Hoso-mugi. Smooth, glabrous, 

 lustrous, short-lived perennial; culms 30-60 cm. long; auricles 

 at summit of the leaf-sheath minute; spikes mostly 15-20 cm. 

 long; spikelets mostly 6- to lO-flowered; lemmas awnless or 



nearly so. Naturalized in waste places and culdvated fields; 



Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; rather rare. Introduced from 



Europe. 



2. Lolium multiflorum Lam. Nezumi-mugi. Re- 

 sembles the preceding but usually stouter; culms to 1 m. long, 

 pale or straw-colored at base; auricles at summit of leaf-sheath 

 prominent; spikelets 7- to 20-flowered, 1-2 cm. long; lemmas 

 6-8 mm. long, at least the upper awned. May-June. Nat- 

 uralized in Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. Intro- 

 duced from Europe. 



3. Lolium temulentum L. var. temulentum. Doku- 

 MUGi. Rather robust annual; culms 60-90 cm. long; auricle 

 at summit of leaf-sheath well-developed; spikes flat, 50-80 cm. 



long; spikelets mostly 5- to 7-flowered; glumes equaling or 

 longer than the spikelet; florets 6-10, plump, awned. May- 

 July. Naturalized in waste places and culdvated fields; Hon- 

 shu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. 



Var. leptochaeton A. Br. L. arvcnse With. Awnless. 



Rather common in our area. An introducrion from Europe. 



4. Lolium loliaceum (Bory & Chaub.) Hand.-Mazz. 



Rottboellia loliacea Bory & Chaub.; L. subulatum Vis. B6- 



MUGi. Rather stout low annual or biennial; culms usually 

 tufted, 10-30 cm., rarely to 40 cm. long, leaves not prominent, 

 the blade short, rather flat; spikes firm, stout, often slighdy 

 curved, nearly cylindric, 10-15 cm. long; spikelets sunken in 

 die excavations of the rachis, partly hidden by the appressed 

 strongly nerved obtuse glumes; florets 3-6; lemmas oblong, 

 about 5 mm. long, usually awnless. May-June. Natu- 

 ralized; Honshu (Kanto to Chugoku Distr.); rather rare. 



Introduced from Europe. 



31. ELYMUS L. Ezo-mugiZoku 



Perennials with or without creeping rhizomes; inflorescence loosely to densely spicate; spikelets sessile, in pairs or in 3's alter- 

 nate or opposite on a continuous rachis, slightly twisted, bringing the florets more or less dorsiventral on the rachis, 2- to 8-flow- 

 ered, articulate above the glumes; glumes lanceolate to broadly linear, smaller than the lemmas; lemmas rather coriaceous, 

 broadly lanceolate, attenuate-awned, slightly dorsally compressed, scabrous or pubescent, 5-nerved; palea as long as the lemma, 

 2-keeled; stamens 3; ovary with a hairy beak. About 50 species, Eurasia and in N. and S. America. 



lA. Plants with long, stout rhizomes; spikes thick, pubescent; spikelets awnless; anthers 5-8 mm. long I.E. mollis 



IB. Plants tufted, without rhizomes; spikes glabrous; spikelets awned; anthers 1.5-2 mm. long. 



2A. Spikes erect; glumes slightly or scarcely shorter than the lemma 2. E. dahuricus 



2B. Spikes nodding to pendulous; glumes much shorter than the lemma. 



3A. Glumes attenuate into a short awn; lemmas scabrous, with a slightly recurved awn 3. E. sibirictts 



3B. Glumes abruptly acuminate, often dentate at apex, awnless; lemmas nearly smooth, with a rather stout, distinctly recurved awn. 



4. E. yubaridakensis 



1. Elymus mollis Trin. E. arenarius var. villosus E. 

 Mey.; E. arenarius sensu auct. Japon., non L:; E. arenarius var. 

 coreensis Hack.; Leymus mollis (Trin.) Pilger; E. arenarius 



var. mollis Trin. Tenkigusa, Kusado, Hama-ninniku. 



Robust perennial with long, stout rhizomes; culms 50-100 cm. 

 long, firm, smooth, densely pubescent below die spike; leaf- 

 blades firm, glaucous-green, flat, 20-40 cm. long, 7-12 mm. 

 wide, smooth and glabrous beneath, scabrous on the elevated 

 nerves on upper surface; spikes erect, dense, 10-25 cm. long, 

 whitish green; spikelets 2(-5)-nate, erect, 1-2.5 cm. long, 3- to 

 5-flovvered; glumes chartaceous, broadly lanceolate, acuminate, 

 3- to 7-nerved, as long as the florets or slightly exceeding them; 



lemmas awnless, 12-20 mm. long. June-July. Gregarious 



on sandy beaches; Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu; common. 



Korea, Sakhalin, Kuriles, Kamchatka to N. America. 



2. Elymus dahuricus Turcz. E. excelsus Turcz.; E. 

 dahuricus var. cylindricus Franch.; E. dahuricus var. excelsus 



(Turcz.) Roshev.; E. cylindricus (Franch.) Honda Hama- 



MUGi. Tufted perennial; culms 50-100 cm. long, glabrous; 

 leaf-blades flat, 10-20 cm. long, 4-8 mm. wide, usually gla- 

 brous; spikes erect, obscurely I-sided, dense; spikelets nu- 

 merous, appressed, usually geminate, 1-1.5 cm. long, 3- to 

 4-flowered, green; glumes lanceolate, 8-11 mm. long, 

 3(-5)-nerved, scabrous on nerves, acuminate, with a short, 

 terminal awn; lemmas 7-11 mm. long, lanceolate, scabrous, 

 the awn 10-20 mm. long, straight or nearly so; palea as long 



as the lemma. June-Aug. Grassy places, especially near 



the sea; Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu; common. e. Siberia, 



n. China, Korea, Manchuria, and Mongolia. 

 Var. villosulus (Ohwi) Ohwi. E. villosulus Ohwi; E. 



osensis Ohwi Yama-mugi. More slender; nodes villous. 



Mountain woods; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. distr.); rare. 



s. Kuriles. 



3. Elymus sibiricus L. E. yezoensis Honda ^Ezo-mugi. 



Perennial; culms 40-80 cm. long; leaf-blades 7-15 cm. long, 

 5-8 mm. wide, flat, scabrous; spikes pendulous, 8-15 cm. long, 

 rather loosely spiculose; spikelets geminate or solitary at both 

 ends of the spike, sometimes slighdy purplish, 3- to 4-flowered, 

 12-14 mm. long; glumes linear-lanceolate, scabrous, 3-5 mm. 

 long, 3-nerved, attenuately short-awned; lemmas 8-11 mm. 

 long, 5-ner\'ed, scabrous, die awn rather slender, slightly re- 

 curved, 1-2 cm. long; palea as long as the lemma. July- 



Aug. Grassy places and woods; Hokkaido, Honshu (Shinano 



Prov.) ; rare. e. Europe, Siberia, China, Manchuria, and 



Kamchatka. 



4. Elymus >'ubaridakensis (Honda) Ohwi. Clinelymus 

 yubaridakensis Honda Takane-Ezo-muci. Tufted peren- 

 nial; culms 40-80 cm. long; leaf-blades 7-15 cm. long, 5-8 mm. 

 wide, flat, scabrous; spikes pendulous, 8-12 cm. long, on slen- 

 der peduncles; spikelets in pairs or, near both ends, solitary, 

 12-15 mm. long; glumes linear-lanceolate or linear-oblanceo- 

 late, 7-8 mm. long, 3-nerved, scabrous, acute, often with a 

 tooth at apex; lemmas broadly lanceolate, about 10 mm. long, 

 the awn prominendy recurved, rather thick, 2.5-3 cm. long. 



July. Alpine regions; Hokkaido (Mount Yubari); very 



rare. 



