158 



Gramineae 



erect, 5-10 cm. long, the branches short, erect, short-pubescent; 

 spikelets oblong, densely 6- to lO-flowered, 1-1.5 cm. long; 

 glumes obmse, puberulent, the lower 3- to 5-nerved, broadly 

 lanceolate, 5-6 mm. long, the upper 5- to 7-nerved, oblong, 

 6-8 mm. long; lemmas membranous, elliptic, 7-8 mm. long, 

 obtuse, 7-nerved, short-pubescent, the awn 6-9 mm. long, be- 

 tween the teeth; palea shorter than the lemma; anthers about 2 



mm. long. Naturalized in Hokkaido and Honshu. 



Europe and Siberia. 



10. Bromus catharticus Vahl. Festuca unioloides 

 Willd.; Ceratochloa unioloides (Willd.) Beauv.; B. unioloides 



(Willd.) HBK. Inu-mugi. Annual; culms tufted, rather 



firm, stout, 40-100 cm. long, glabrous; leaf -blades 20-30 cm. 



long, 4-10 mm. wide, sparingly pilose, nearly flat, the sheaths 

 whitish pilose; ligules whitish, 3-5 mm. long, ovate; panicles 

 10-25 cm. long, ovate, rather firm, the branches geminate, 

 scabrous, spreading; spikelets compressed, yellowish green, 

 narrowly ovate, 3- to 6-flowered, lustrous, 2-3 cm. long; 

 glumes broadly lanceolate, acuminate, keeled, the lower 3- to 

 5-nerved, 10-12 mm. long, the upper 7- to 9-nerved, 12-15 

 mm. long; lemmas 14-18 mm. long, broadly lanceolate, 

 chartaceous, folded and strongly keeled, very acute, terminated 

 by an awn about 1 mm. long; palea 8-9 mm. long; anthers 



usually not exserted, 0.5 mm. long, oblong. June-July. 



Naturalized in Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; very common. 



S. America. 



35. BRACHYELYTRUM Beauv. Koyazasa Zoku 



Slender perennials with flat leaf-blades and narrow panicles; spikelets narrow, 1-flowered, articulate above the glumes and 

 between the florets; glumes minute, unequal, green; lemma narrowly lanceolate, slighdy flattened dorsally, green, minutely 

 scabrous, 5-nerved, entire at apex, long-awned; callus oblique, short; rachilla produced behind the upper floret as a slender 

 bristle, glabrous; palea as long as the lemma, 2-keeled; stamens 3; ovary with a hairy beak; styles terminal; caryopsis adherent 

 to the lemma and palea. ^Two species, one in Japan, the other in N. America. 



1. Brachyelytrum japonicum Hack. B. erectum var. 



japonicum Hack. Koyazasa. Rhizomes short, slender, 



branched; culms very slender, 50-70 cm. long, glabrous; leaf- 

 blades green, flat, thin, broadly linear, 7-12 cm. long, 4-7 mm. 

 wide, sparingly pilose above and on margin; ligules 2-3 mm. 

 long, truncate; panicles 10-15 cm. long, green, branches short, 

 erect or appressed to the axis; spikelets several, short-pedicelled, 

 1-flowered, 8-9 mm. long; glumes linear-lanceolate, 1-nerved, 



acute, the lower 1-1.5 mm., the upper 2-3 mm. long; lemma 

 narrowly lanceolate, minutely scabrous, gradually narrowed to 

 the awned apex, the awn straight, delicate, 10-15 mm. long; 

 callus minutely pilose on both sides; rachilla prolonged as a 



slender bristle about 4 mm. long, appressed to the palea. 



July-Aug. Woods in mountains; Honshu (centr. distr. and 

 westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea (Quelpaert Isl.). 



36. AULACOLEPIS Hack. Hiroha-no-konukagusa Zoku 



Slender or low perennials with flat or involute leaf-blades; spikelets in panicles, 1-flowered, flattened, articulate below the 

 floret; glumes unequal, the lower minute or smaller than the upper, the upper shorter than the lemma, keeled, acute, lanceolate; 

 lemma green, dull, rather strongly keeled, broadly lanceolate, acute, thinly chartaceous to membranous, glabrous, awnless; 

 callus short, short-hairy; rachilla prolonged beyond the floret as a slender bristle, glabrous; palea as long as the lerruna, with 



2 closely parallel nerves; stamens 3; ovary glabrous; caryopsis lanceolate, free within the lemma and palea. Several species, 



in e. Asia and Malaysia, extending to the Himalayas. 



1. Aulacolepis treutleri (Kuntze) Hack. var. japonica 



(Hack.) Ohwi. A. japonica Hack. Hiroha-no-konuka- 



gusa. Slender, glabrous perennial; culms 80-120 cm. long; 

 leaf-blades flat, thin, green, scabrous, 20-30 cm. long, 10-22 

 mm. wide; ligules hyaline, 2-5 mm. long; panicles ovate, erect, 

 green, 20-30 cm. long, 10-15 cm. wide, very loose and open, 

 the branches subverticillate, spreading, scabrous; spikelets ap- 



pressed to the branchlets, about 3.5 mm. long, flattened; 

 glumes broadly lanceolate, keeled, 1-nerved, the lower 1-1.5 

 mm., the upper 2-2.5 mm. long; lemmas about 3.5 mm. long, 

 acute, green, 5-nerved, intermediate nerves weak; anthers 

 about 1.2 mm. long. June-July. Mountain woods; Hon- 

 shu (centr. distr. and westw.) ; rare. The typical phase of the 

 species occurs in India to s. China and Formosa. 



37. DACTYUS L. 



Kamogaya Zoku 



Coarse perennials with linear leaf-blades and interrupted panicles; spikelets densely arranged on one side toward the ends of 

 the panicle-branches, 3- or 4-flowered, flattened; glumes unequal, keeled, acute, 1- to 3-nerved, short-ciliate on the keel; lemmas 

 longer than the glumes, keeled, folded, rather chartaceous, green, 5-nerved, setulose-scabrous, mucronate; palea 2-keeled; callus 

 glabrous; rachilla short, glabrous; stamens 3; ovary glabrous. Few species, in Eurasia and N. Africa. 



1. Dactylis glomerata L. Kamogaya. Tufted, stout 

 perennial; culms erect, in large tussocks, 80-120 cm. long, 

 smooth, glabrous; leaf-blades flat, scabrous, green or glaucous- 

 green, 30-60 cm. long, 5-10 mm. wide; ligules deltoid, 7-12 

 mm. long, hyaline; panicles erect, lobed, 8-20 cm. long, the 

 branches distant, solitary, stiff, spreading to ascending, sca- 

 brous, the spikelets in dense 1-sided fascicles borne at the ends 



of the branches; spikelets 7-8 mm. long, glaucous-green, 2- to 

 4-flowered; glumes lanceolate, acuminate, scabrous, the lower 

 1-nerved, 3-4 mm. long, the upper 3-nerved, 5-6 mm. long; 



lemmas 6-7 mm. long; anthers 2-3 mm. long. July-Aug. 



Naturalized in pastures and waste places; Hokkaido, Honshu, 

 Shikoku, Kyushu; common. ^Eurasia and w. Asia. 



