Gramineae 



159 



38. FESTUCA L. Ushi-no-kegusa Zoku 



Perennials or annuals of various habits; leaf-blades linear, flat or convolute; spikelets in panicles, 2- to many-flowered, more 

 or less laterally flattened, articulate above the glumes; glumes unequal, shorter than the lemmas; lemmas 5-nerved, rounded or 

 slightly keeled on the back, glabrous or pubescent, awnless or with a straight apical awn; callus not hairy; palea 2-keeled; 



stamens 1-3; ovary glabrous or puberulent at apex; styles terminal; caryopsis often adherent to the lemma and palea. 



Cosmopolitan genus with many species especially in cooler regions, and in high mountains of the Tropics. 



lA. Perennials with short or elongate rhizomes; stamens 3, protruding. 

 2A. Leaf-blades less than 5 mm. wide, awned, if wider the lemmas awnless. 

 3A. Anthers 0.5-2.5 mm. long; lemmas usually awned, rounded on back. 



'(A. Lower glume more than yj as long as the lowest lemma, lanceolate, acute. 



5 A. Innovation shoots intravaginal ; stolons wanting 1. F. ovina 



5B. Innovation shoots partly extravaginal; stolons often present 2. F. rubra 



4B. Lower glume shorter, ovate, obtuse. 



6A. Lowest lemma 4.5-6 mm. long, commonly awned; anthers elliptic, 0.5-0.8 mm. long 3. f. parvigluma 



6B. Lowest lemma 3-4 mm. long, always awnless; anthers linear, 1.5 mm. long 4. F. japonica 



3B. Anthers 3-4.5 mm. long; lemmas awnless, more or less keeled on back. 



7A. Culms 1 5-30 cm. long; alpine regions 5. F. takedana 



7B. Culms 40-150 cm. long; naturalized introductions. 



8A. Glumes rather obtuse, the lower 2-3 mm., the upper 3.5-4.5 mm. long; anthers 3 mm. long 6. F. elatior 



8B. Glumes acuminate, the lower 5-7 mm., the upper 6-7 mm. long; anthers 4-4.5 mm. long 7. F. arundinacea 



2B. Leaf-blades 6-12 mm. wide, flat; lemmas long-awned, keeled on back; anthers about 1 mm. long 8. F. extremiorientalis 



IB. Annuals, without rhizomes; stamens not protruding. 

 9A. Spikelets 3- to 5-flowered, pale green. 



lOA. Lemmas not ciliate 9. F. myuros 



103. Lemmas long-ciliate toward tip 10. F. megalura 



9B. Spikelets 5- to 13-flowered, often purplish 11. F. octoflora 



1. Festuca ovina L. var. ovina. F. ovina var. vulga- 2. Festuca rubra L. var. rubra. F. rubra var. baicalensis 



ris Koch Ushi-no-kegusa, Shin-ushi-no-kegusa. Low Griseb.; F. rubra var. muramatsui Ohwi; F. rubra var. genuina 



densely tufted perennial without stolons; culms 20-40 cm. long. Hack. O-ushi-no-kegusa. Tufted perennial with short 



slender but firm, glabrous or scabrous below the panicle; radi- rhizomes, sometimes also stoloniferous; culms slender, 15-50 



cal leaves elongate, 5-20 cm. long, rather firm, involute, gla- cm. long; radical leaves elongate, the blades loosely involute, 



brous, green or glaucous-green, the blades 0.4-0.6 mm. wide, 10-20 cm. long, 1-2 mm. wide, glabrous or nearly so; sheaths 



weakly 3- to 7-nerved, scarcely sulcate; culm-leaves short; lig- often pardy reddish; ligules very short; panicles 5-12 cm. 



ules less dian 0.5 mm. long; panicles erect, narrow, 5-8 cm. long; spikelets 5-10 mm. long, 3- to 7-flowered; glumes 



long, lanceolate to narrowly ovate, the branches solitary or broadly lanceolate, the upper larger, 3-6 mm. long; lemmas 



geminate; spikelets 5-7 mm. long, green to glaucous-green, narrowly ovate, 4-7 mm. long, glabrous or sparingly pubescent, 



sometimes purplish, 3- to 6-flowered; glumes lanceolate, acute, scabrous, the awn to 3 mm. long; anthers 2-2.5 mm. long.- 



the upper longer, 3-3.5 mm. long, 3-nerved with short lateral June-Aug. Common in mountains, sometimes on rocks near 



nerves; lemmas narrowly oblong, rather coriaceous to charta- the seashore; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. distr. and northw.). 



ceous, 3.5-4.5 mm. long, scabrous, rounded on back, with a Sakhalin, Kuriles, and Korea, to the temperate and boreal 



straight apical awn to 2 mm. long, or awnless; anthers 1.5-2.5 regions of Europe and N. America. 



mm. long; ovary glabrous. June-Aug. Mountains; Hok- Var. pacifica Honda. F. rubra var. planijolia sensu auct. 



kaido, Honshu (centr. distr. and northw.); rather rare. The Japon., non Trautv. Hiroha-no-6-ushi-no-kegusa. Leaf- 

 species is widespread in Eurasia and N. America. blades loosely involute, about 2.5 mm. wide; panicles pale 



Var. duriuscula (L.) Koch. F. duriuscula L. Korai- green, otiierwise plants simulating the preceding var. 



ushi-no-kegusa. Blades firm, 0.7-1 mm. wide, otherwise Rocks near the seashore; Honshu (centr. distr. and vvestw.), 



simulating the typical phase. Shikoku; rare. Eurasia. Shikoku, Kyushu. 



Var. coreana St. Yves. F. ovina var. pubiculmis Ohwi, Var. hondoensis Ohwi. F. hondoensis (Ohwi) Ohwi 



non Asch. & Graebn., 1900; F. ovina var. nipponica Ohwi Yama-o-ushi-no-kegusa. Innovation shoots mostly intra- 



Ao-ushi-no-kecusa. Culms 20-40 cm. long, puberulent or vaginal; lemmas violascent, awnless, otherwise plants simulat- 



pubescent below the panicle; leaf-blades less firm, sometimes \ngv3.T. rubra. Mountains; Honshu (centr. distr.); rare. 



puberulent; panicles green to glaucous-green, 4-8 cm. long. Var. musashiensis (Honda) Ohwi. F. musashicnsis Honda 



-Low mountains; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. Asakawa-s6. Slender, glabrous, green; leaves elongate; 



Korea. spikelets green; glumes and lemmas ciliate. Honshu (Asa- 



Var. tateyamensis Ohwi. Takane-ushi-no-kegusa. kawa near Tokyo) ; rare. 



Rather soft, smooth and glabrous alpine phase; culms 10-20 3. Festuca parvigluma Steud. Toboshigara. Green, 



cm. long; leaf-blades filiform, sulcate; panicles 2—4 cm. long, slender perennial with elongate slender rhizomes and stolons; 



purplish; lemmas 3-4 mm. long; anthers 1.5 mm. long. culms in loose tufts, 30-60 cm. long, slender, with brownish 



Alpine regions; Honshu (centr. distr.); rare. hyaline sheaths at base; leaf-blades deep green, elongate, 



Var. chiisanensis Ohwi. Chiisan-ushi-no-kegusa. A1- loosely involute, 1.5-3 mm. wide; ligules 0.2-0.3 mm. long, 



lied to var. coreana, but the leaves more soft, sulcate. truncate; panicles nodding, very loose, 8-15 cm. long, the 



Mountains; Shikoku; rare. branches elongate, spreading, solitary, scabrous; spikelets pale 



