160 



Gramineae 



green, somewhat lustrous, 7-10 mm. long, 3- to 5-flowered; 

 glumes ovate, obtuse, membranous, 1-1.5 mm. long; lemmas 

 broadly lanceolate, acute, 5-7 mm. long; awn terminal, very 

 slender, 5-7 mm. long, erect, slightly flexuous; anthers elliptic. 

 May- June. Woods in low mountains; Hokkaido, Hon- 

 shu, Shikoku, Kyushu; very common. Formosa and China. 



Var. breviaristata Ohwi. Ibuki-toboshigara. Lemmas 



awnless or nearly so. Honshu (Mount Ibuki in Omi and 



Mount Omine in Yamato) and Shikoku (Mount Kamega- 

 mori) ; rare. 



4. Festuca japonica Makino. F. jauriei Hack. Yama- 



ToBosHiGARA. Closely allied to the preceding species; culms 

 30-60 cm. long, tufted; panicles very loose, branches slender, 

 geminate; spikelets 3- to 4-flowered, 4-6 mm. long; lemmas 3-4 

 mm. long, rather acute, awnless; anthers about 1.5 mm. long. 

 May- July. Mountains; Honshu; rare. Korea and For- 

 mosa. 



5. Festuca takedana Ohwi. (?) Poa nuda Hack.; Leio- 



poa nuda (Hack.) Ohwi Takane-somosomo. Glabrous 



low perennial with slender rhizomes and short creeping 

 stolons; culms few together, slender, 15-30 cm. long, smooth, 

 glabrous; leaf-blades linear, of the radical somewhat elongate, 

 of the culm-leaves 5-10 cm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, nearly 

 smooth, loosely involute, glaucous above; ligules truncate, 

 less than 1 mm. long; panicles nodding, 4-7 cm. long, ovate, 

 loose, the branches geminate, smooth; spikelets 7-8 mm. long, 

 dull, pale green with a brown and purple hue, 3- or 4-flowered; 

 glumes nearly equal, 3-nerved, lanceolate, acute, scaberulous, 

 keeled, 3-4 mm. long; lemmas longer than the glumes, slightly 

 keeled, narrowly ovate, 6-7 mm. long, rather herbaceous, gla- 

 brous, acute to very acute, 3 (-5) -nerved; palea as long as the 

 lemma; callus and rachilla glabrous; anthers (2.5-) 3-3.5 mm. 



long, linear; ovary puberulent at apex. July-Aug. Alpine 



regions; Honshu (centr. distr.); very rare. 



6. Festuca elatior L. F. pratensis Huds.; F. elatior 



subsp. pratensis (Huds.) Hack. Hiroha-no-ushi-no-kegusa. 



Rhizomes short, plant rarely stoloniferous; culms 30-100 cm. 

 long; leaf-blades narrowly linear, elongate, rather flat, 3-7 mm. 

 wide; ligules very short; panicles narrowly ovate, 10-20 cm. 

 long, the branches ascending, geminate, scabrous; spikelets 

 pale green, 8-12 mm. long, 5- to 8-flowered; glumes lanceolate, 

 rather acute to obtuse, the lower 2-3 mm., the upper 3.5-4.5 

 mm. long; lemmas chartaceous, narrowly ovate, 5-7 mm. long, 

 nearly acute, glabrous, obscurely 5-nerved, nearly as long as 



the palea; anthers about 3 mm. long; ovary glabrous. June- 



Aug. Naturalized; Hokkaido (common), Honshu, Shikoku, 

 Kyushu. Europe and Siberia. 



7. Festuca anindinacea Schreb. F. elatior var. arundi- 

 nacea (Schreb.) Wimm.; F. elatior subsp. arundinacea 



(Schreb.) Hack. Oni-ushi-no-kegusa. Closely allied to 



the preceding but stouter; culms 50-150 cm. long; leaf-blades 

 flat or nearly so, 5-7 mm. wide; panicles 10-20 cm. long, 

 rather loose, open, the branches geminate, with numerous 

 spikelets; spikelets 15-18 mm. long, sometimes slightly purple- 

 tinged; glumes lanceolate, acuminate to very acute, the lower 

 5-7 mm., the upper 6-7 mm. long; lemmas 8-9 mm. long; 



anthers 4-4.5 mm. long. June-Aug. Naturalized; Honshu. 



Europe. 



8. Festuca extremiorientalis Ohwi. F. gigantea sensu 

 auct. Japon., non Vill.; F. subulata var. japonica Hack.; F. 



iwamotoi Honda O-toboshigara, T6-toboshigara, Oni- 



toboshigara. Perennial with short rhizomes and ascend- 

 ing innovation shoots; culms 80-120 cm. long, glabrous, 

 smooth; leaf-blades flat, green, 20-30 cm. long, 5-12 mm. 

 wide, scabrous, sometimes pilose above; sheaths often retrorsely 

 scabrous; ligules 2-3 mm. long, truncate, brownish; panicles 

 loose, open, nodding, pale green and sometimes slighdy purple- 

 tinged, the branches 2- or 3-nate, scabrous; spikelets 5-7 mm. 

 long, 4- or 5-flowered; glumes unequal, lanceolate, 1- to 

 3-nerved, the lower about 3 mm., the upper 4.5-5 mm. long; 

 lemmas lanceolate, 5-6 mm. long, scaberulous; awn terminal 

 or between 2 minute teeth, slender, flexuous, 4-7 mm. long; 

 anthers 1 mm. long; caryopsis puberulent at apex. June- 

 Aug. Mountain woods; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. distr. and 

 northw.) ; rather common. e. Siberia, n. China, and Korea. 



9. Festuca myuros L. Vulpia myuros (L.) Gmel. 



Naginatagaya. Tufted annual; culms erect, slender, rather 

 firm; leaf-blades glaucous-green, involute, filiform, 5-15 cm. 

 long, 0.5-1 mm. wide; ligules nearly truncate, about 1 mm. 

 long; panicles erect, narrow, very dense, the branches solitary, 

 short, appressed to the axis; spikelets short-pedicelled, 6-8 mm. 

 long, pale green, 3- to 5-flowered; lower glume broadly lanceo- 

 late, 1-2 mm. long, 1-nerved, the upper glume linear-lanceolate, 

 5-6 mm. long, acuminate, 3-nerved, keeled; lenunas nar- 

 rowly lanceolate, acuminate, 5-6 mm. long, not keeled, prom- 

 inently scabrous; awn erect, delicate, about 15 mm. long; 

 stamens 1-3; anthers about 1.2 mm. long. ^May-June. Nat- 

 uralized in grassy places in lowlands and waysides; Honshu, 



Shikoku, Kyushu; common. Europe, N. Africa, and w. 



Asia; naturalized in e. Asia and America. 



10. Festuca megalura Nutt. Vulpia megalura (Nutt.) 



Rydb. O-naginatagaya. Closely allied to the preceding; 



culms 30-60 cm. long; ligules 0.2-0.3 mm. long; panicles 15-30 

 cm. long, the branches solitary or geminate, appressed to the 

 axis; spikelets 7-10 mm. long, 3- to 5-flowered; lower glume 

 0.5-1 mm., the upper 3 mm. long; lemmas with spreading 

 long hairs on upper margins, the awn about 15 mm. long; 



anthers about 0.2 mm. long; caryopsis glabrous. ^May-June. 



Naturalized in grassy places in lowlands; Honshu (Kinki 

 Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. ^N. America. 



11. Festuca octoflora Walt. Vulpia octo flora (Walt.) 



Rydb. Murasaki-naginatagaya. Tufted annual; culms 



slender, erect, 15-30 cm. long; leaf-blades narrow, soft, in- 

 volute or rather flat, 2-10 cm. long; ligules about 0.5 mm. 

 long; panicles narrow, dense, erect, 5-10 cm. long, the branches 

 solitary, ascending, scabrous; spikelets elliptic, 5-8 mm. long, 

 5- to 10-flowered; glumes linear-lanceolate, about 4 mm. long, 

 the lower 1-nerved, the upper 3-nerved; lemmas lanceolate, 

 scabrous, 4-5 mm. long, pale green and purple-tinged; awn 



slender, elongate. June. Naturalized; Honshu (Harima 



Prov.) ; rare. ^N. America. 



39. PUCCINELLIA Pari. Chishima-dojo-tsunagi Zoku 



Perennials or annuals with linear leaf-blades; spikelets in panicles, slightly flattened laterally, 3- to 10-flowered, articulate 

 below die florets; florets bisexual except the uppermost; glumes shorter than the lemmas, 1- to 3-nerved; lemmas chartaceous, 

 nearly smooth, 5-nerved, not keeled, obtuse to rather acute, awnless, with short, appressed hairs at base; callus short, glabrous; 



